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jzyl 2020-07-05 22:39 原文

动词的五种形式:

1) 动词原形: 即词典中词条所给出的动词形式。用于一般现在时和不定式。
They know us well. 他们很了解我们。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗?

2) 过去式:用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你讲得太多。

3) 过去分词: 用于被动语态和完成时态等。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有两个人在事故中丧生。

4) 现在分词:由动词原形 + ing 构与,可用于各种进行时态。
They are leaning English. 他们正在学英语。

5) 第三人称单数形式:当句子的主语为单数时,句子中的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数,第三人称单数形式通常是在动词后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜欢教学。

不规则动词:

Infinitive不定式

Past Tense 过去式

abide

abode,abided

alight

alighted,alit

arise

arose

awake

awoke,awaked

be

were /was

bear

bore

beat

beat

become

became

befall

befell

beget

begot

begin

began

behold

beheld

bend

bent

bereave

bereaved,bereft

beseech

besought,beseeched

beset

beset

bespeak

bespoke

bespread

bespread

bestrew

bestrewed

bestride

bestrode

bet

bet,betted

betake

betook

bethink

bethought

bid

bade,bid

bide

bode,bided

bind

bound

bite

bit

bleed

bled

blend

blended,blent

bless

blessed,blest

blow

blew

break

broke

breed

bred

bring

brought

broadcast

broadcast,broadcasted

browbeat

browbeat

build

built

burn

burnt,burned

burst

burst

buy

bought

can

could

cast

cast

catch

caught

chide

chid,chided

choose

chose

cleave

cleaved,cleft,clove

cleave

clave

cling

clung

clothe

clothed,clad

come

came

cost

cost

creep

crept

crow

crowed,crew

cut

cut

dare

dared,durst

deal

dealt

die

died

dig

dug

dispread

dispread

do

did

draw

drew

dream

dreamed,dreamt

drink

drank

drive

drove

dwell

dwelt,dwelled

eat

ate

fall

fell

feed

fed

feel

felt

fight

fought

find

found

flee

fled

fling

flung

fly

flew

flee

fled

fly

flied

forbear

forbore

forbid

forbade,forbad

forecast

forecast,forecasted

fordo

fordid

forego

forewent

foreknow

foreknew

forerun

foreran

foresee

foresaw

foreshow

foreshowed

foretell

foretold

forget

forgot

forgive

forgave

forsake

forsook

forswear

forswore

freeze

froze

gainsay

gainsaid

get

got

gild

gilded,gilt

gird

girded,girt

give

gave

go

went

grave

graved

grind

ground

grow

grew

hamstring

hamstringed,hamstrung

hang

hung

hang

hanged

have

had

hear

heard

heave

heaved,hove

hew

hewed

hide

hid

hit

hit

hold

held

hurt

hurt

inlay

inlaid

keep

kept

kneel

knelt,kneeled

knit

knitted,knit

know

knew

lade

laded

lay

laid

lead

led

lean

leaned,leant

leap

leapt,leaped

learn

learnt,learned

leave

left

lend

lent

let

let

lie

lay

lie

lied

light

lit

light

lighted

lose

lost

make

made

may

might

mean

meant

meet

met

melt

melted

misdeal

misdealt

misgive

misgave

mislay

mislaid

mislead

misled

mistake

mistook

misunderstand

misunderstood

mow

mowed

must

must

ought

ought

outbid

outbade,outbid

outbreed

outbred

outdo

outdid

outeat

outate

outfight

outfought

outgo

outwent

outgrow

outgrew

outlay

outlaid

outride

outrode

outrun

outran

outsell

outsold

outshine

outshone

outshoot

outshot

outsit

outsat

outspend

outspent

outspread

outspread

outthrow

outthrew

outthrust

outthrust

outwear

outwore

overbear

overbore

overbid

overbid

overblow

overblew

overbuild

overbuilt

overbuy

overbought

overcast

overcast

overcome

overcame

overdo

overdid

overdraw

overdrew

overdrive

overdrove

overeat

overate

overfeed

overfed

overfly

overflew

overgrow

overgrew

overhang

overhung

overhear

overheard

overlade

overladed

overlay

overlaid

overleap

overleapt,overleaped

overlie

overlay

overpay

overpaid

override

overrode

overrun

overran

oversee

oversaw

oversell

oversold

overset

overset

oversew

oversewed

overshoot

overshot

oversleep

overslept

overspend

overspent

overspread

overspread

overtake

overtook

overthrow

overthrew

overwind

overwound

overwrite

overwrote

partake

partook

pay

paid

precast

precast

prechoose

prechose

prove

proved

put

put

quit

quitted,quit

read

read

reave

reaved,reft

rebuild

rebuilt

recast

recast

reeve

rove,reeved

relay

relaid

rend

rent

repay

repaid

reset

reset

retell

retold

rid

rid,ridded

ride

rode

ring

rang

rise

rose,risen

rive

riven

run

ran

saw

sawed

say

said

see

saw

seek

sought

sell

sold

send

sent

set

set

sew

sewed

shake

shook

shall

should

shave

shaved

shear

sheared

shed

shed

shine

shone,shined

shoe

shod,shoed

shoot

shot

show

showed

shred

shredded,shred

shrink

shrank,shrunk

shrive

shrove,shrived

shut

shut

sing

sang,sung

sink

sank,sunk

sit

sat

slay

slew

sleep

slept

slide

slid

sling

slung

slink

slunk

slit

slit

smell

smelt,smelled

smite

smote

sow

sowed

speak

spoke

speed

sped,speeded

spell

spelt,spelled

spend

spent

spill

spilt,spilled

spin

spun

spit

spat,spit

split

split

spoil

spoilt,spoiled

spread

spread

spring

sprang,sprung

stand

stood

stave

staved,stove

steal

stole

stick

stuck

sting

stung

stink

stank,stunk

strew

strewed

stride

strode

strike

struck

string

strung

strive

strove,strived

swear

swore

sweat

sweat,sweated

sweep

swept

swell

swelled

swim

swam

swing

swung

take

took

teach

taught

tear

tore

tell

told

think

thought

thrive

throve,thrived

throw

threw

thrust

thrust

tread

trod

unbend

unbent

unbind

unbound

unbuild

unbuilt

underbid

underbid

underbuy

underbought

undercut

undercut

underdo

underdid

underfeed

underfed

undergo

underwent

underlay

underlaid

underlet

underlet

underlie

underlay

underpay

underpaid

underrun

underran

undersell

undersold

underset

underset

undershoot

undershot

understand

understood

undertake

undertook

underwrite

underwrote

undo

undid

undraw

undrew

unfreeze

unfroze

ungird

ungirded,ungirt

unhang

unhung

unknit

unknitted,unknit

unlade

unladed

unlay

unlaid

unlearn

unlearnt,unlearned

unmake

unmade

unreeve

unrove,unreeved

unsay

unsaid

unset

unset

unsling

unslung

unspeak

unspoke

unstick

unstuck

unstring

unstrung

unswear

unswore

unteach

untaught

unthink

unthought

untread

untrod

unweave

unwove

unwind

unwound

upbuild

upbuilt

upcast

upcast

uphold

upheld

uppercut

uppercut

uprise

uprose

upset

upset

upsweep

upswept

upswing

upswung

wake

waked,woke

waylay

waylaid

wear

wore

weave

wove

wed

wedded,wed

weep

wept

weigh

weighed

wet

wetted,wet

will

would

win

won

wind

winded,wound

wit

wist

withdraw

withdrew

withhold

withheld

withstand

withstood

work

worked

work

wrought

wring

wrung

write

wrote

 

1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)

动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割,切

hit hit hit 打

let let let 让

put put put 放下

read read read 读(读音是[red])

hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)

beat beat beaten/ beat 打

3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

come came come 来

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B型

(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母"d"改为"t"构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

(3)其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现

hang hanged hanged 绞死

show showed showed/ shown 展示

hang hung hung 挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛,握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖

5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

be was/ were been 是

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 给

take took taken/ took 拿

hide hid hidden/ hid 隐藏

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

rise rose risen 升起

drive drove driven 驾驶

(2)过去式将-aw, -ow, -y变为-ew,过去分词在原形后加-n,其中"fly"的过去分词是将"y"改为"ow"再加"n"。

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

throw threw thrown 抛,扔

draw drew drawn 拉,绘画

fly flew flown 飞

(3)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词,其中"wear"的过去分词是将"e"改为"n"。

wear wore worn 穿

freeze froze frozen 冻结

steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 说话

tread trod trodden/ trod 行走

break broke broken 破碎,折断

choose chose chosen 选择

weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 编织

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

get got gotten/ got得

forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘记

(4)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母"i"分别为"a"(过去式)和"u"(过去分词)。

begin began begun 开始

drink drank drunk 饮

ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按铃

sing sang/ sung sung 唱

swim swam swum 游泳

spin span/ spun spun 旋转

sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉

spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳跃

(5)其他不规则动词的变化。

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

6. 情态动词(无过去分词)

can could 能

may might 可以

must / 必须

shall should 应该

will would 将/会

不规则动词表

序号

动词原形或不定式

过去式

现在分词或动名词

第三人称

单数

注释

前缀

词根

1

bear

bore

bearing

bears

忍受,承担

 

bear

2

forbear

forbore

forbearing

forbears

克制,忍耐

for-

bear

3

overbear

overbore

overbearing

overbears

压服,征服

over-表示"在…之上,过度"

bear

4

bend

bent

bending

bends

弯曲,弯腰

 

bend

5

unbend

unbent

unbending

unbends

变直,伸直

un-表示"不"

bend

6

bid

bade,

bid

bidding

bids

出价,恳求,邀请,力求,企图

 

bid

7

forbid

forbade,

forbad

forbidding

forbids

禁止,阻碍

for-

bid

8

outbid

outbid

outbidding

outbids

出价高于(别人)

out-表示"超过"

bid

9

underbid

underbid

underbidding

underbids

出价较低

under-表示"在…之下,过低"

bid

10

bind

bound

binding

binds

约束,捆绑

 

bind

11

rebind

rebound

rebinding

rebinds

重新捆绑

re-表示"重复"

bind

12

unbind

unbound

unbinding

unbinds

解开,解放

un-表示"不"

bind

13

build

built

building

builds

建造,建立

 

build

14

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilding

rebuilds

重建,恢复

re-表示"重复"

build

15

cast

cast

casting

casts

铸造,投掷,脱落

 

cast

16

broadcast

broadcast,

broadcasted

broadcasting

broadcasts

广播

broad-

cast

17

forecast

forecast,

forecasted

forecasting

forecasts

预报,预测

fore-表示"预先"

cast

18

miscast

miscast

miscasting

miscasts

指配不适当的角色

mis-表示"不,错误"

cast

19

overcast

overcast

overcasting

overcasts

使沮丧,包缝,遮蔽

over-表示"在…之上,过度"

cast

20

recast

recast

recasting

recasts

再铸,重塑,改正

re-表示"重复"

cast

21

come

came

coming

comes

来,成为,变得

 

come

22

become

became

becoming

becomes

变为,适合,发生

be-表示"遍及、使成为"

come

23

overcome

overcame

overcoming

overcomes

战胜,克服

over-表示"在…之上,过度"

come

24

deal

dealt

dealing

deals

处理,分配

 

deal

25

misdeal

misdealt

misdealing

misdeals

处理不当

mis-表示"不,错误"

deal

26

do

did

doing

does

做,干

 

do

27

outdo

outdid

outdoing

outdoes

胜过,优于

out-表示"超过"

do

28

overdo

overdid

overdoing

overdoes

做得过分,夸张

over-表示"在…之上,过度"

do

29

redo

redid

redoing

redoes

重做

re-表示"重复"

do

30

undo

undid

undoing

undoes

松开,撤销

un-表示"不"

do

31

draw

drew

drawing

draws

绘画,拉,吸引

 

draw

32

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawing

withdraws

撤退,退出

with-

draw

33

fall

fell

falling

falls

落下,下降

 

fall

34

befall

befell

befalling

befalls

发生,降临

be-表示"遍及、使成为"

fall

35

get

got

getting

gets

得到,到来,成为

 

get

36

beget

begot

begetting

begets

产生,引起

be-表示"遍及、使成为"

get

37

forget

forgot

forgetting

forgets

忘记,忽略

for-

get

38

give

gave

giving

gives

给予,赠送

 

give

39

forgive

forgave

forgiving

forgives

原谅,免除

for-

give

40

misgive

misgave

misgiving

misgives

疑虑,担忧

mis-表示"不,错误"

give

 

学习中。。。

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