首页 > 技术文章 > SpringBoot配置多套数据源

lanxinren 2021-10-13 16:50 原文

前言

在使用springBoot开发系统的过程中,随着开发的进行,可能会遇到需要配置多个不同数据源的情况。这时我们可以通过Spring的重要功能AOP来解决这个问题。

数据库

首先我们需要新建两个数据库,结构如下

数据库 testdatasource1 testdatasource2
数据表 sys_user sys_user2
字段 id,name,age,sex id,name,age,sex

代码实现

  1. 新建一个springboot项目

  1. maven依赖
	<dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
  1. yml配置类

首先我们在配置类中分别配置两套数据源,其中主数据源为primary,次数据源为secondary。

注意:Springboot2.0 在配置数据库连接的时候需要使用jdbc-url,如果只使用url的话会报jdbcUrl is required with driverClassName.错误。

spring:
  datasource:
    primary:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdatasource1?userSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password: 1234
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    secondary:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdatasource2?userSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password: 1234
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
server:
  port: 7000
  1. 配置类

新建一个配置文件,DynamicDataSourceConfig 用来配置我们相关的bean,代码如下

关于DataSource

package com.jzxx.demo.config;

import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.jzxx.demo.mapper", sqlSessionFactoryRef = "SqlSessionFactory") //basePackages 我们接口文件的地址
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {

    // 将这个对象放入Spring容器中
    @Bean(name = "PrimaryDataSource")
    // 表示这个数据源是默认数据源
    @Primary
    // 读取application.properties中的配置参数映射成为一个对象
    // prefix表示参数的前缀
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.primary")
    public DataSource getDateSource1() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }


    @Bean(name = "SecondaryDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.secondary")
    public DataSource getDateSource2() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }


    @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
    public DynamicDataSource DataSource(@Qualifier("PrimaryDataSource") DataSource primaryDataSource,
                                        @Qualifier("SecondaryDataSource") DataSource secondaryDataSource) {

        //这个地方是比较核心的targetDataSource 集合是我们数据库和名字之间的映射
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSource = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSource.put(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Primary, primaryDataSource);
        targetDataSource.put(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Secondary, secondaryDataSource);
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSource);
        dataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(primaryDataSource);//设置默认对象
        return dataSource;
    }


    @Bean(name = "SqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactory SqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dynamicDataSource)
            throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(
                new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));//设置我们的xml文件路径
        return bean.getObject();
    }
}

而在这所有的配置中,最核心的地方就是DynamicDataSource这个类了,DynamicDataSource是我们自定义的动态切换数据源的类。

DynamicDataSource代码如下

package com.jzxx.demo.config;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        DataSourceType.DataBaseType dataBaseType = DataSourceType.getDataBaseType();
        return dataBaseType;
    }

}

DataSourceType类的代码如下:

package com.jzxx.demo.config;

public class DataSourceType {

    //内部枚举类,用于选择特定的数据类型
    public enum DataBaseType {
        Primary, Secondary
    }

    // 使用ThreadLocal保证线程安全
    private static final ThreadLocal<DataBaseType> TYPE = new ThreadLocal<DataBaseType>();

    // 往当前线程里设置数据源类型
    public static void setDataBaseType(DataBaseType dataBaseType) {
        if (dataBaseType == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        TYPE.set(dataBaseType);
    }

    // 获取数据源类型
    public static DataBaseType getDataBaseType() {
        DataBaseType dataBaseType = TYPE.get() == null ? DataBaseType.Primary : TYPE.get();
        return dataBaseType;
    }

    // 清空数据类型
    public static void clearDataBaseType() {
        TYPE.remove();
    }

}
  1. dao层
package com.jzxx.demo.mapper.one;

import com.jzxx.demo.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@Mapper
public interface PrimaryUserMapper {

    List<User> findAll();
}
package com.jzxx.demo.mapper.two;

import com.jzxx.demo.pojo.;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@Mapper
public interface SecondaryUserMapper {

    List<User> findAll();
}
  1. mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.jzxx.demo.mapper.one.PrimaryUserMapper">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.jzxx.demo.pojo.User">
        select id,name,age,sex from sys_user
    </select>
</mapper>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.jzxx.demo.mapper.two.SecondaryUserMapper">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.jzxx.demo.pojo.User">
        select id,name,age,sex from sys_user
    </select>
</mapper>
  1. 相关接口文件编写好之后,就可以编写我们的aop代码了:
package com.jzxx.demo.aop;

import com.jzxx.demo.config.DataSourceType;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {
    //在primary方法前执行
    @Before("execution(* com.jzxx.demo.controller.TestController.primary(..))")
    public void setDataSource2test01() {
        System.err.println("Primary业务");
        DataSourceType.setDataBaseType(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Primary);
    }

    //在secondary方法前执行
    @Before("execution(* com.jzxx.demo.controller.TestController.secondary(..))")
    public void setDataSource2test02() {
        System.err.println("Secondary业务");
        DataSourceType.setDataBaseType(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Secondary);
    }
}

编写我们的测试 TestController: 代码如下:

package com.jzxx.demo.controller;

import com.jzxx.demo.mapper.one.PrimaryUserMapper;
import com.jzxx.demo.mapper.two.SecondaryUserMapper;
import com.jzxx.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private PrimaryUserMapper primaryUserMapper;
    @Autowired
    private SecondaryUserMapper secondaryUserMapper;

    @RequestMapping("primary")
    public Object primary(){
        List<Healthitem> list = primaryUserMapper.findAll();
        return list;
    }
    @RequestMapping("secondary")
    public Object secondary(){
        List<HistoryData> list = secondaryUserMapper.findAll();
        return list;
    }

}

测试

启动项目,在浏览器中分别输入http://127.0.0.1:7000/primary 和http://127.0.0.1:7000/secondary

优化

上面的代码还不够灵活,每写一个接口就需要我们去写aop代码。下面我们将通过拦截注解的方式,来替代拦截接口的方式。

首先自定义我们的注解 @DataSource

package com.jzxx.demo.config;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 切换数据注解 可以用于类或者方法级别 方法级别优先级 > 类级别
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface DataSource {
    String value() default "primary"; //该值即key值,默认使用默认数据库
}

通过使用aop拦截,获取注解的属性value的值。如果value的值并没有在我们DataBaseType里面,则使用我们默认的数据源,如果有的话,则切换为相应的数据源。

package com.jzxx.demo.aop;

import com.jzxx.demo.config.DataSource;
import com.jzxx.demo.config.DataSourceType;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Aspect
@Component
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceAspect.class);

    @Before("@annotation(dataSource)")//拦截我们的注解
    public void changeDataSource(JoinPoint point, DataSource dataSource) throws Throwable {
        String value = dataSource.value();
        if (value.equals("primary")){
            DataSourceType.setDataBaseType(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Primary);
        }else if (value.equals("secondary")){
            DataSourceType.setDataBaseType(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Secondary);
        }else {
            DataSourceType.setDataBaseType(DataSourceType.DataBaseType.Primary);//默认使用主数据库
        }

    }

    @After("@annotation(dataSource)") //清除数据源的配置
    public void restoreDataSource(JoinPoint point, DataSource dataSource) {
        DataSourceType.clearDataBaseType();
    }
}

修改我们的dao,添加我们的自定义的@DataSouse注解,并注解掉我们DataSourceAop类里面的内容。

自定义的这个注解@DataSouse可以用于类或者方法级别 方法级别优先级 > 类级别

package com.jzxx.demo.mapper.one;

import com.jzxx.demo.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@Mapper
public interface PrimaryUserMapper {
    @DataSource
    List<User> findAll();
}
package com.jzxx.demo.mapper.two;

import com.jzxx.demo.pojo.;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@Mapper
public interface SecondaryUserMapper {
    @DataSource("secondary")//指定数据源为:secondary
    List<User> findAll();
}

参考文章

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