Docker的基本使用

Docker在Linux中的安装

一、rpm离线安装docker17.12

1.下载docker安装包

在https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/下载docker-ce-17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

2.下载9个依赖

在http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/下载8个依赖
audit-libs-python-2.7.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
libcgroup-0.41-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
libseccomp-2.3.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
libsemanage-python-2.5-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
policycoreutils-python-2.5-17.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch.rpm
setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm

在http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3?stat=3&limit=1&srodzaj=1&dl=40&search=container-selinux&field[]=1&field[]=2下载container-selinux-2.9-4.el7.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh /root/docker/*.rpm –nodeps –force

curl -sSL http://acs-public-mirror.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/docker-engine/internet | sh -

启动Docker引擎

sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

建立docker用户组

sudo groupadd docker

将用户加入docker组

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

这里使用阿里云的容器镜像服务，目前公测，免费的。
1) 去阿里云官网，登录控制台，在产品与服务里面找到容器镜像服务
2）点击开通
3) 点击镜像加速器，变有了加速地址（不用镜像加速器的话，镜像都是国外的，因为墙，所有下载是龟速）

镜像加速器

vi /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd –registry-mirror=https://….mi
rror.aliyuncs.com

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

检查加速器是否生效

sudo ps -ef | grep dockerd
root 5346 1 0 19:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd
–registry-mirror=https://*****.mirror.aliyuncs.com

docker -v

systemctl start docker

验证 docker 是否安装成功并在容器中执行一个测试的镜像
docker run ubuntu echo hello docker

docker run nginx

docker run -p 8080:80 -d nginx
http://192.168.116.104:8080/

[root@test3 share]# docker cp index.html
[root@test3 share]# docker commit -m ‘fun’ d0e976512485 nginx-fun

删除镜像

docker rmi IMAGE ID

查看镜像

docker images
docker ps -a

小结

Dockerfile语法

FROM alpine:latest
MAINTAINER hsiehchou
CMD echo ‘hello docker’

touch Dockerfile

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
FROM ubuntu
MAINTAINER hsiehchou
RUN sed -i ‘s/archive.ubuntu.com/mirros.ustc.edu.cn/g’ /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
COPY index.html /var/www/html
ENTRYPOINT [“/usr/sbin/nginx”, “-g”, “daemon off;”]前台运行
EXPOSE 80

docker build -t hsiehchou/hello-nginx .

docker run -d -p 80:80 hsiehchou/hello-nginx

小结

镜像分层

Dockerfile中的每一行都产生一个新层

Volume

提供独立于容器之外的持久化存储

docker run -d –name nginx -v /usr/share/nginx/html nginx

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash

docker run -v $PWD/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
docker create -v $PWD/data:/var /mydata –name data_container ubuntu

docker run -it –volumes-from data_container ubuntu /bin/bash
mount

Registry

镜像仓库

术语

docker search whalesay
docker pull docker/whalesay
docker push myname/whalesay

国内的一些仓库
daocloud
时速云
aliyun

[root@test3 dockerfiler2]# docker run docker/whalesay cowsay Docker你好！

docker tag docker/whalesay hch/whalesay

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.9.0/docker-compose-(uname -m) > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

docker-compose.yml常用命令

docker-compose命令

docker基本命令

docker ps ：查看正在运行的容器
docker images：查看现有的镜像
docker logs： 查看某个容器的日志
docker run： 运行某个容器
docker inspect：查看某个容器
docker exec：进入某个容器
docker start/stop：启动或者停止某个容器

[root@test3 hadoop-docker]# touch Dockerfile
[root@test3 hadoop-docker]# ll
total 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 Feb 27 19:18 Dockerfile
[root@test3 hadoop-docker]# vim Dockerfile

FROM  ubuntu:14.04
MAINTAINER hsiehchou

WORKDIR /root

# install openssh-server, openjdk and wget
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y openssh-server openjdk-7-jdk wget

# install hadoop 2.7.2
RUN wget https://github.com/kiwenlau/compile-hadoop/release/download/2.7.2/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz && \
        tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz && \
        mv hadoop-2.7.2 /usr/local/hadoop && \
        rm hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz

# set environment variable
ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd-64
ENV HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/hadoop/bin:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin

# ssh without key
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -p '' && \
        cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

RUN mkdir -p ~/hdfs/namenode && \
    mkdir -p ~/hdfs/datanode && \
    mkdir $HADOOP_HOME/logs

COPY config/* /tmp/

RUN mv /tmp/ssh_config ~/.ssh/config && \
    mv /tmp/hadoop-env.sh /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh && \
    mv /tmp/hdfs-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/core-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/mapred-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/yarn-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/slaves $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves && \
    mv /tmp/start-hadoop.sh ~/start-hadoop.ssh && \
    mv /tmp/run-wordcount.sh ~/run-wordcount.sh

RUN chmod +x ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
    chmod +x ~/run-wordcount.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh

# format namenode
RUN /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hdfs namenode -format

CMD ["sh", "-c", "service ssh start: bash"]