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1.soap简介
soap是用于应用程序间的数据通讯服务，具有跨语言和跨平台的特点，是w3c的推荐标准之一，相比http，具有一定的安全性特点；
可以理解为是基于xml（可扩展标记语言）的http，soap=http+xml;
soap请求实例：
通过这个 http://www.thuwater.com/dataservice/datafetch.asmx；
调用地址进行一些服务方法的获取。
以GetPlaceList方法为例，参照soap协议内容进行服务请求；
以下是 SOAP 1.1 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
1 POST /dataservice/datafetch.asmx HTTP/1.1 2 Host: 47.105.193.134 3 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 4 Content-Length: length 5 SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/GetPlaceList" 6 7 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 8 <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> 9 <soap:Body> 10 <GetPlaceList xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> 11 <userName>string</userName> 12 <passwd>string</passwd> 13 </GetPlaceList> 14 </soap:Body> 15 </soap:Envelope> 16 HTTP/1.1 200 OK 17 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 18 Content-Length: length 19 20 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 21 <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> 22 <soap:Body> 23 <GetPlaceListResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> 24 <GetPlaceListResult>string</GetPlaceListResult> 25 </GetPlaceListResponse> 26 </soap:Body> 27 </soap:Envelope>
以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。相比于SOAP1.1，请求中没有SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/GetPlaceList"；
1 POST /dataservice/datafetch.asmx HTTP/1.1 2 Host: 47.105.193.134 3 Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 4 Content-Length: length 5 6 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 7 <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> 8 <soap12:Body> 9 <GetPlaceList xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> 10 <userName>string</userName> 11 <passwd>string</passwd> 12 </GetPlaceList> 13 </soap12:Body> 14 </soap12:Envelope> 15 HTTP/1.1 200 OK 16 Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 17 Content-Length: length 18 19 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 20 <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> 21 <soap12:Body> 22 <GetPlaceListResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"> 23 <GetPlaceListResult>string</GetPlaceListResult> 24 </GetPlaceListResponse> 25 </soap12:Body> 26 </soap12:Envelope>
利用soap进行数请求方法如下；
1 public static string GetSOAPSourc() 2 { 3 string result = ""; 4 string responseString = ""; 5 string requestBody = 6 @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?> 7 <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap12 =""http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"" > 8 <soap12:Body> 9 <GetPlaceList xmlns =""http://tempuri.org/""> 10 <userName>name</userName> 11 <passwd>passwd</passwd > 12 </GetPlaceList> 13 </soap12:Body> 14 </soap12:Envelope>"; 15 byte[] postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(requestBody); 16 HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.thuwater.com/dataservice/datafetch.asmx"); 17 req.Method = "POST"; 18 req.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=utf-8"; 19 req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length; 20 using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream()) 21 { 22 reqStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length); 23 } 24 using (HttpWebResponse myResponse = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse()) 25 { 26 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(myResponse.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8); 27 responseString = sr.ReadToEnd(); 28 try 29 { 30 XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();//新建对象 31 doc.LoadXml(responseString);//符合xml格式的字符串 32 dynamic obj = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(doc.InnerText); 33 string[] equipIds = new string[0]; 34 var equipIdList=equipIds.ToList(); 35 for (int i = 0; i < obj.Value.Count; i++) { 36 equipIdList.Add(Convert.ToString(obj.Value[i].EquipID)); 37 } 38 Console.WriteLine(); 39 40 } 41 catch (Exception e) 42 { 43 44 return null; 45 } 46 47 } 48 return result; 49 50 }
说明：soap请求中，Content-Type 和ContentLength是必须的；请求的url地址就是获取方法说明的地址；如果利用soap1.2,可以省略请求头部的SOAPAction参数；返回的数据内容，即是前面示例中的相应内容；
2.带有命名空间的xml元素标签解析
命名空间就是为了区分相同元素标签而添加的标识，一般是数据来源或者标准；
1 <root>
3 <h:table xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"> 4 <h:tr> 5 <h:td>Apples</h:td> 6 <h:td>Bananas</h:td> 7 </h:tr> 8 </h:table> 9 10 <f:table xmlns:f="http://www.w3cschool.cc/furniture"> 11 <f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name> 12 <f:width>80</f:width> 13 <f:length>120</f:length> 14 </f:table> 15 16 </root>
还有以下默认的命名空间：
1 <table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"> 2 <tr> 3 <td>Apples</td> 4 <td>Bananas</td> 5 </tr> 6 </table>
获取的数据为xml字符串，需要转为xml对象，需要进行解析；
1 public static void test() { 2 //具有命名空间前缀的数据 3 string testStr = 4 @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?> 5 <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap12 =""http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"" > 6 <soap12:Body> 7 <GetPlaceList xmlns =""http://tempuri.org/""> 8 <userName>string</userName> 9 </GetPlaceList> 10 </soap12:Body> 11 </soap12:Envelope>"; 12 //普通xml数据 13 string testStr1 = 14 @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?> 15 <Envelope> 16 <Body> 17 <GetPlaceList> 18 <userName>data20190070</userName> 19 <passwd>data20190070@0108</passwd > 20 </GetPlaceList> 21 </Body> 22 </Envelope>"; 23 24 XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();//新建对象 25 doc.LoadXml(testStr);//符合xml格式的字符串 26 XmlNamespaceManager nsp = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);//添加默认命名空间名称 27 nsp.AddNamespace("soap12", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");//添加用到的命名空间 28 nsp.AddNamespace(string.Empty, "http://tempuri.org/");//默认的可以用string.Empty添加 29 XmlNode root = doc.DocumentElement;//找到根节点，这root就是soap12:Envelope节点了，下面的请求路径不用再添加soap12:Envelope 30 string nodeString = "soap12:Body/GetPlaceList";//读取节点路径;这里GetPlaceList节点读取不到，是有问题，还在探索中。。。 31 XmlNodeList nodeList = root.SelectNodes(nodeString, nsp);//读取节点（从root开始读，不是从doc；如果从doc,要加上soap12:Envelope/），如果是有命名空间前缀的，需要添加命名空间 32 33 34 35 XmlDocument doc1 = new XmlDocument();//新建对象 36 doc1.LoadXml(testStr1);//符合xml格式的字符串 37 string nodeString1 = "soap12:Envelope/soap12:Body/GetPlaceList";//读取节点路径;这里GetPlaceList节点读取不到，是有问题，还在探索中。。。 38 XmlNodeList nodeList1 = doc1.SelectNodes(nodeString1);//读取节点，如果是有命名空间前缀的，需要添加命名空间;这里直接从doc开始读 39 40 Console.WriteLine(); 41 42 }
及时整理；慢慢积累；
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