首页 > 技术文章 > laravel5.5源码笔记(二、服务提供者provider)

wyycc 2018-11-01 00:08 原文

laravel里所谓的provider服务提供者,其实是对某一类功能进行整合,与做一些使用前的初始化引导工作。laravel里的服务提供者也分为,系统核心服务提供者、与一般系统服务提供者。例如上一篇博文里介绍的,最早在application中进行注册的event、log、routing这些就是系统的核心服务,laravel的初始化需要他们。那么现在就先来看一下provider的运行流程。

1     protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
2     {
3         $this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
4 
5         $this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
6 
7         $this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
8     }

其他的serviceProvider则是指config/app.php中providers数组所配置的provider了,基本都是些laravel系统提供的工具型provider

 1     'providers' => [
 2 
 3         /*
 4          * Laravel Framework Service Providers...
 5          */
 6         Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
 7         Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
 8         Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
 9         Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
10         Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
11         Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
12         Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
13         Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
14         Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
15         Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
16         Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
17         Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
18         Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
19         Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
20         Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
21         Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
22         Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
23         Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
24         Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
25         Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
26         Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
27         Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
28         //Maatwebsite\Excel\ExcelServiceProvider::class,  这个是我自己测试的时候加的
29 
30         /*
31          * Package Service Providers...
32          */
33 
34         /*
35          * Application Service Providers...
36          */
37         App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
38         App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
39         // App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
40         App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
41         App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,
42 
43     ],

那么这些配置中的provider会在什么时候加载呢?上一篇博文中介绍的当$kernel对象通过handle方法传入request时,会执行sendRequestThroughRouter方法,这个方法中的bootstrap方法会加载laravel系统初始化所需的对象并运行,其中RegisterProviders类便是用来注册刚刚config文件内所记录的provider的

 1     public function bootstrap()
 2     {
 3         if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
 4             $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
 5         }
 6     }
 7 
 8     protected $bootstrappers = [
 9         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironmentVariables::class,
10         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration::class,
11         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions::class,
12         //注册facade门面类
13         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades::class,
14         //注册provider
15         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders::class,
16         //引导provider执行其中boot方法内的代码
17         \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders::class,
18     ];    

这几个文件的内容都很简单,并且都是调用了application中的方法

 1     public function bootstrapWith(array $bootstrappers)
 2     {
 3         $this->hasBeenBootstrapped = true;
 4 
 5         foreach ($bootstrappers as $bootstrapper) {
 6             $this['events']->fire('bootstrapping: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
 7             //make了刚刚传入的$bootstrappers数组,并执行了其中的bootstrap方法,暂且只看provider
 8             $this->make($bootstrapper)->bootstrap($this);
 9 
10             $this['events']->fire('bootstrapped: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
11         }
12     }
13     
14     //Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders.php
15     public function bootstrap(Application $app)
16     {
17         $app->registerConfiguredProviders();
18     }
19 
20     //Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders.php
21     public function bootstrap(Application $app)
22     {
23         $app->boot();
24     }

这里绕了一大圈,最终还是回到了application文件中,还记得上一篇博文中介绍的registerConfiguredProviders方法吗?

application的registerConfiguredProviders()方法对服务提供者进行了注册,通过框架的文件系统收集了配置文件中的各种provicers并转化成数组,在G:\wamp64\www\test\laravel55\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\ProviderRepository.php类的load方法中进行加载,但最终还是会在application类中的register()方法中通过字符串的方式new出对象,在执行provider中自带的register()方法

 1     public function registerConfiguredProviders()
 2     {
 3         //laravel的集合类,将之前初始化时存入的config中的数组取出
 4         $providers = Collection::make($this->config['app.providers'])
 5                         ->partition(function ($provider) {
 6                             //并过滤出系统providers
 7                             return Str::startsWith($provider, 'Illuminate\\');
 8                         });
 9         //之前在registerBaseBindings方法中绑定在PackageManifest类中的providers数组拼接,通过load方法加载它们
10         $providers->splice(1, 0, [$this->make(PackageManifest::class)->providers()]);
11         //new了provider库,传入服务容器、文件系统操作对象、与之前缓存的服务提供者路径
12         (new ProviderRepository($this, new Filesystem, $this->getCachedServicesPath()))
13                     ->load($providers->collapse()->toArray());
14     }
 1  //Illuminate\Foundation\ProviderRepository.php
 2 
 3    public function load(array $providers)
 4     {
 5         // 查看bootstrap/cache/services.php有没有这个缓存文件
 6         // 第一次启动时是没有的
 7         $manifest = $this->loadManifest();
 8         // 开始没有这个缓存文件,那就把$providers[ ]里的值
 9         if ($this->shouldRecompile($manifest, $providers)) {
10             // 然后根据$providers[ ]编译出services.php这个缓存文件
11             $manifest = $this->compileManifest($providers);
12         }
13 
14         foreach ($manifest['when'] as $provider => $events) {
15             // 注册包含有事件监听的service provider
16             // 包含有事件监听的service provider都要有when()函数返回
17             $this->registerLoadEvents($provider, $events);
18         }
19 
20         foreach ($manifest['eager'] as $provider) {
21             // 把'eager'字段中service provider注册进容器中,
22             // 即遍历每一个service provider,调用其中的register()方法
23             // 向容器中注册具体的服务
24             $this->app->register($this->createProvider($provider));
25         }
26 
27         // 注册延迟的service provider,
28         // deferred的service provider, 一是要设置$defer = true,二是要提供provides()方法返回绑定到容器中服务的名称
29         $this->app->addDeferredServices($manifest['deferred']);
30     }

 

而boot操作就更简单了

 1     public function boot()
 2     {
 3         if ($this->booted) {
 4             return;
 5         }
 6 
 7         // Once the application has booted we will also fire some "booted" callbacks
 8         // for any listeners that need to do work after this initial booting gets
 9         // finished. This is useful when ordering the boot-up processes we run.
10         //调用引导方法的钩子函数
11         $this->fireAppCallbacks($this->bootingCallbacks);
12         //使每个provider运行bootProvider,$p为provider
13         array_walk($this->serviceProviders, function ($p) {
14             $this->bootProvider($p);
15         });
16         //改变引导状态
17         $this->booted = true;
18         //调用引导方法的钩子函数
19         $this->fireAppCallbacks($this->bootedCallbacks);
20     }
21 
22     protected function bootProvider(ServiceProvider $provider)
23     {
24         //判断传入的provier,运行它们的boot方法完成引导
25         if (method_exists($provider, 'boot')) {
26             return $this->call([$provider, 'boot']);
27         }
28     }

到这里,provider通过register注册在了服务容器内,provider的初始化工作也由boot函数完成,这个provider所提供的对象便可以直接拿来使用了。

还记得学习laravel框架使用方式的时候,文档建议我们把所有在应用初始化时需要完成的事情,都写在AppServiceProvider的boot方法里吗?看到这里我们能明白作为系统核心prvider的app是最早被加载的,因此也充当了一个钩子函数的角色。

在了解了provider的注册流程之后,就可以自己来自定义一个provider了。我们上一篇博客里还有一个契约的概念没有说明,这里简单举一个小例子来说明。

1、新建一个接口。

 

1 namespace App\Contracts;
2 
3 interface Test
4 {
5     public function doing();
6 }

2、新建两个接口的实现

 1 namespace App\Services;
 2 
 3 use App\Contracts\Test;
 4 
 5 class TestService implements Test
 6 {
 7     public function doing()
 8     {
 9         echo 'this is TestService';
10     }
11 }
12 
13 
14 namespace App\Services;
15 
16 use App\Contracts\Test;
17 
18 class SecondTestService implements Test
19 {
20     public function doing()
21     {
22         echo 'this is SecondTestService';
23     }
24 }

3、新建一个provider,可使用artisan 命令行   php artisan make:provider TestServiceProvider 创建一个provider,契约上下文就在这个地方进行绑定。上一篇博文里讲到make方法的时候,容器在解析类的时候,有一个获取上下文的步骤,所要获取的concrete就是在provider中通过when方法绑定的类了,不过可惜这个绑定只能具体到类,不能具体到方法。

 1 namespace App\Providers;
 2 
 3 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 4 
 5 class TestServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 6 {
 7     /**
 8      * Bootstrap any application services.
 9      *
10      * @return void
11      */
12     public function boot()
13     {
14         //
15     }
16 
17     public function register()
18     {
19         $this->app->bind('App\Contracts\Test', 'App\services\TestService');
20         //重点在于when方法确定运行环境,也就是执行上下文,needs为make所需的abstract类名或别名,give所传入的参数则是实际调用的实现类了
21         $this->app->when('App\Http\Controllers\IndexController')
22                 ->needs('App\Contracts\Test')
23                 ->give('App\Services\SecondTestService');
24     }
25 }

4、在config/app.php文件的providers数组中添加刚刚生成的provider

 1     'providers' => [
 2 
 3         /*
 4          * Laravel Framework Service Providers...
 5          */
 6         Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
 7         Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
 8         Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
 9         Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
10         Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
11         Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
12         Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
13         Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
14         Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
15         Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
16         Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
17         Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
18         Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
19         Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
20         Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
21         Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
22         Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
23         Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
24         Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
25         Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
26         Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
27         Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
28 
29         /*
30          * Package Service Providers...
31          */
32 
33         /*
34          * Application Service Providers...
35          */
36         App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
37         App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
38         // App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
39         App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
40         App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,
41         //添加刚刚生成的provider
42         App\Providers\TestServiceProvider::class,
43     ],

5、在IndexController文件中添加执行代码

 1 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 2 
 3 use App\Contracts\Test;
 4 
 5 class IndexController extends Controller
 6 {
 7 
 8     public function __construct(Test $test)
 9     {
10         $this->test = $test;
11     }
12 
13     public function index(Test $test)
14     {
15         app()->make('App\Contracts\Test')->doing();
16 
17         echo '<br>';
18         //只有通过构造方法进行自动加载依赖的方式才能触发契约的when绑定
19         $this->test->doing();
20     
21         echo '<br>';
22     //因为laravel中的上下文绑定只能具体到类,所以这里的$test实例依然为普通绑定
23         $test->doing();
24 
25     }
26 }

运行后,会发现只有通过构造函数实例化的对象,才能触发额外的分支绑定。通过这个小例子,我们可以很清楚的理解契约了,就是在不同情况下的一个对接口的动态调用,算是java中多态和策略模式的另一实现方式。使用了这种实现方式,可以使我们在开发过程中的代码更加灵活,在改变实现方式的时候,只需改变provider中的实现绑定,即可快速实现需求变更。

可能有人会发现我们的demo在执行时需要显示的使用make方法,一点也不优雅,这和laravel所宣扬的思想还是有差距。那是因为还有一个facade门面功能还没有用上,后面我们会来探寻一下facade到底是个什么东西。

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