Daniel Mendoza
New words and expressions 生词和短语
Boxing
n. 拳击
boxer
n. 拳击手
bare
adj. 赤裸的
prizefighter
n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
crude
adj. 粗野的
marquis
n. 侯爵
technically
adv. 严格根据法律意义地
science
n. 科学
popularity
n. 名望
adore
v. 崇拜，爱戴
alike
adv. 一样地
fame
n. 名声
eminent
adj. 著名的，杰出的
bitterly
adv. 厉害地
bet
v. 打赌
academy
n. 专业学校
extravagant
adj. 浪费的，奢移的
poverty
n. 贫困
boxing ['bɒksɪŋ]
n. 拳击运动
boxing match 拳击比赛
boxing gloves 拳击手套
boxing ring 拳击台
boxer 拳击手
prizefight 古代的拳击比赛
prizefighter 古代的拳击手
referee 比赛裁判
bare [beə(r)]
adj. 赤裸的
bare-headed 没戴帽子
bare-chested 光着膀子
bare-legged 光着腿
bare-assed 光着屁股
bare floor 没有铺地毯
bare mountains 荒山野岭
with one’s bare hands 赤手空拳
Wu Song killed the tiger with his bare hands.
赤膊(人 / 物)
naked
He was naked to the waist. 光着上半身
the naked eye 裸眼
全裸(人)
nude
She once posed nude for a magazine.
marquis ['mɑ:kwɪs]
n. 侯爵
duke 公爵
marquis 侯爵
earl 伯爵
viscount 子爵
baron 男爵
aristocracy 贵族阶层
一个两个贵族
aristocrat
noble
nobleman
lord 勋爵
Lord Byron
sir 爵士
Sir John Hawkwood
technically ['teknɪkli]
adv. 技术上；严格地说
技术上
a technically brilliant pianist
It is technically possible to produce a human being by cloning.
严格地说
technically (speaking)
strictly speaking
Technically (speaking), the whale isn’t a fish.
Strictly speaking, the spider isn’t an insect.
popularity [pɒpju'læ rəti]
adv. 流行，普及；名望
the increasing popularity of organic food 普及
The president’s popularity has declined considerably. 名声
收到了某些人的欢迎
be popular with / among …
--She was in love with Donald McGrath, the quarterback on our football team.
--Football players are always popular with the ladies.
名声（褒义词
fame
renown
celebrity （也可表名人
All he thinks about is fame and gain.
名声（中性
name
reputation
The restaurant has a very good / bad name / reputation.
周所周知、有声望的
famous
well-known
renowned
noted
notable
legendary
‘the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue’
He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.
大名鼎鼎的
celebrated
eminent
the most eminent boxer in England
臭名昭著、恶名昭彰
infamous
notorious
adore [ə'dɔ:(r)]
v. 非常喜欢，爱慕；崇拜
She adores her only son.
I absolutely adore chocolate.
喜欢
like
love
care for
fancy
care about 介意
I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.
掌上明珠
be the apple of one’s eye
His youngest daughter is the apple of his eye.
Oh look who it is, my husband, the apple of my eye.
爱上了某人
fall in love with sb.
lose one’s heart to sb.
be mad / crazy about sb.
lose heart 灰心
The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. 要抓住男人的心先要抓住他的胃
单相思
carry a torch for sb.
have a crush on sb.
--Monica had such a crush on him. Yeah, she used to kiss his poster every night before she went to bed.
--Oh! I used to do that too!
bet [bet]
v. 打赌
bet … on … 在某人某物压了多少
He bet all his money on the black horse.
我敢肯定
I bet = I am certain
(A) Tom's apartment probably costs more than the man's.
(B) The man's place is becoming more expensive.
(C) Her apartment is better than the man's.
(D) She wants to see Tom's new apartment.
M: I’ve just been over to my friend Tom’s new apartment. It's much bigger than my place.
W: But more expensive I bet.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Answer: (A) Tom's apartment probably costs more than the man's.
当然
you bet = certainly
--Pete Waters, RFD Number 1, Chesterton. You know him?
--Do I know Pete Waters? You bet I do! He was my roommate in college.
(A) He'll go if the woman goes too.
(B) He doubts he'll be able to go.
(C) He's too tired to go.
(D) He's eager to go.
W: Are you still planning to go to the concert?
M: You bet I am.
Q: What does the man say about the concert?
Answer: (D) He's eager to go.
academy [ə'kæ dəmi]
n. 专科学校，学院
West Point is a famous military academy.
奥斯卡
Academy Award (Oscar)
学校的、学术的
academic
academic year 学年
academic research 学术研究
课文
Daniel Mendoza
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
参考译文
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
双方
a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match
It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.
速度
a car / boat / horse / swimming race
打分
contest
a speech / beauty / dance contest
公开赛
open
the US Open
巡回赛、锦标赛、淘汰赛
tournament
冠军赛
championship
大型运动会
games
the Olympic Games 奥林匹克
the Goodwill Games 友好
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
在想当初、当年
in those days
Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.
In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.
现如今
these days
nowadays
today
in this day and age
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.
赤手空拳
with bare fists
with naked fists
不带武器
with one’s bare hands
Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.
因为 (连词)
because …
since …
as…
for … + 名词 / 从句 | (充当 连词、介词)
in that…
now (that) … 时态必须现在时
Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, …….
因为(介词)
because of …
by reason of…
due to …
owing to …
thanks to …
on account of …
(A) She doesn’t like the professor very much.
(B) She doubts class will be canceled.
(C) She doesn’t want to attend the conference.
(D) She wonders whether the professor is an accountant.
M: Do you think professor Smith will cancel class on account of the special conference?
W: Not likely.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Answer: (B) She doubts class will be canceled.
把A称为B
know A as B
refer to A as B
call A B
address A as B
He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.
--Elizabeth: This is my father, Paul Stevens. Dad, this is Ross Geller.
--Ross: It’s great to meet you Paul.
--Paul: I usually prefer Elizabeth’s boyfriends to address me as Mr. Stevens.
--Ross: Of course, of course, Mr. Stevens.
However, boxing was very crude, (原因for there were no rules and a prize-fighter could be seriously injured or (省)even killed during a match.
..., boxing was very cruel, … 残酷
..., boxing was very brutal, … 野蛮
..., boxing was very violent, … 暴力
..., boxing was very bloody, … 血腥
遭到、受到
suffer
… a prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or even be killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
colorful: interesting, exciting, vivid 多姿多彩
figure: character, personality 数字、人影、体型、个性、名人
I just wanna be a person, not a personality.
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, (定when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
introduce v. 开始推行；开始采用
New safety measures will be introduced next month.
You can use my laptop freely. 动词
The use of my laptop is welcome. 名词
draw up 起草
I’ve drawn up a list of candidates that I’d like to interview.
直到...才...
… not … until …, when …
造句：直到毛主席 1949 年宣布 (proclaim) 中华人民共和国成立 (foundation), 中国人民才获得了 (achieve) 解放 (liberation)。
The liberation of the Chinese people was not achieved until 1949, when Chairman Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
Though he was technically a prize-fighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prize-fighting into a sport, (原for he brought science to the game.
do much / a lot / a great deal to … 巨大贡献
do little to … 一点贡献
do nothing to … 没有贡献
change … into … 把A变成B
exchange … for … 交换
造句：尽管严格地说只是一本书，但圣经在把这个粗鄙的世界变成一个文明世界方面却做出了很大贡献，因为它给人类带来了信仰 (faith)。
Though it is technically a book, the Bible does much to change the crude world into a civilized one, for it brings faith to humanity.
In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
somebody's day 成功辉煌的日子
Every dog has his day. 人人都有辉煌之时
Don’t be disappointed: your day will come.
享有
…, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
享有盛誉
enjoy tremendous popularity
Jay Chou enjoys tremendous popularity among the young.
the rich 富人
the poor 穷人
rich and poor 富人和穷人 两者以上，不写 the
young and old 老人和年轻人
the rich and powerful 有权有势的人
alike: in the same way 一样地
The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.
偶像
idol / icon
He was an idol / icon of that times.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
成名、出名
rise to fame
She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.
The rise to fame was swift.
make a name for oneself 成名、出名
He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
become famous overnight 成名、出名
With the success of their first record, they became famous overnight.
This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
吸引注意力
attract / draw / catch / capture / arrest one’s attention / the attention of sb.
offer to do 主动提出做某事
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
pupil: apprentice 弟子、徒弟
pupil 小学生
student 学生
freshman 大一
sophomore 大二
junior 大三
senior 大四
alumnus 校友（单
alumni 校友（复
In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
反目成仇
turn (sb.) against …
The wicked woman is trying to turn the boy against his father.
… soon became so successful
--that Humphries became jealous of him.
--as to arouse Humphries’ jealousy.
The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
显然
It is / was clear / obvious / apparent that …
The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.
形式上的定语从句 ==》 并列句
A match was held at Stilton, and both men fought for an hour there.
被打败、失利、失败
…, but he was defeated.
--he was beaten.
--he failed.
--he lost.
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
We finally won that team. X
击败
We finally beat that team. √
We finally defeated that team. √
赢得
We finally won the game. √
We finally won the prize. √
Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
ring: boxing ring 拳击台
在这场合 上 / 下
on / upon the occasion of his daughter’s wedding
又一次
for a second time = for another time
Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
champion 冠军
champagne 香槟
it was not until … that … and … 强调时间状语从句
造句：直到 1949 年中华人民共和国成立中国人民才最终获得了解放并且成了国家的主人(master)。
It was not until the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 that the Chinese people were finally liberated and became masters of the country.
Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, but it was not until 1869, (定)when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom.
it was not until …, (定)when …, that … and ...
造句：直到 1949 年毛主席宣布中华人民共和国成立, 中国人民才最终获得了解放并且成了国家的主人。
It was not until 1949, when Chairman Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, that the Chinese people were finally liberated and became masters of the country.
Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
与此同时
meanwhile
at the same time
(in the) meantime
非常成功的
highly successful
a highly successful play 戏剧
Lord Byron
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
earn enormous sums of money 赚钱赚海了
欠钱 owe
…, he was so extravagant that he always owed people money.
I owe you (one). 感谢、报答
How much do I owe you? 付多少钱
--How much do I owe you?
--Well, that'll be eighteen dollars and seventy cents. No charge for(免费) the cleanup. It's on the house.(本店请客)
After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
He was sent to prison (原for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
本文体裁：传记 (biography: a special kind of narration)
A biography is defined as a written account of the series of events that make up a person’s life.
Date and place of birth and death (and Family information) 出生、死亡
Lifetime accomplishments 伟大成就
Major events of life 重大事件
Effects / impact on society, historical significance 社会影响、历史重要性