在admin.py中只需要将地Model中某个类注册,即可在Admin中进行增删查改的功能,例如:
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,就需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作
方式一
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
admin.site.register(models.Book,BookAdmin)
没有设置BookAdmin时,系统默认为ModelAdmin
models.Book实际上是一个列表,也可以写成
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
admin.site.register([models.Book,],BookAdmin)
这个参数里可以写多个表名,但要注意的是这里面添加的表名都必须要有list_display中声明要显示的字段
方式二
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
在ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制的功能
定制admin
1.list_display:显示列表时,定制显示的列
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
在后台管理页面中,显示书的名称,价格以及出版社等信息
在class类中还有如下用法:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','aaa')
def aaa(self,obj):
return obj.title+"--aaaa"
显示如下
2.list_display_links:列表时,定制列可以点击跳转
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_display_links = ('title','price','publish')
在后台页面显示的时候,所显示的列为可以点击跳转
3.list_filter:列表时，定制右侧快速筛选
例子一:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_filter = ('classification','publish')
效果如下:
例子二:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title=uget('类型')
parameter_name = "book"
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
"""
显示筛选选项,列出价格大于100的书箱的类型
:param request:
:param model_admin:
:return:
"""
return models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=100).values_list("publish","classification")
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
"""
点击查询时,进行筛选
:param request:
:param queryset:
:return:
"""
v1=self.value()
return queryset
list_filter = ["publish",Ugg,]
效果如下:
4.list_select_related:列表时，连表查询是否自动select_related
使用联表查询可以提高数据库的查询性能
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_select_related = ["publish"] # 联表查询出版社的信息
5. 分页相关
list_per_page=10 # 分页,每页显示的数据条数
list_max_show_all=100 # 分页,显示全部数据时,最多显示的数据条数
paginator=Paginator # 分布插件
例如:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_per_page = 2
效果如下:
6. list_editable:列表时，可以编辑的列
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_editable = ('price','publish')
效果如下:
7. search_fields:列表时，模糊搜索的功能
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
search_fields = ['title','classification']
效果如下:
8. date_hierarchy:列表时，对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
date_hierarchy="publication_date"
效果如下:
9. preserve_filters:详细页面，删除、修改，更新后跳转回列表后，是否保留原搜索条件
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
search_fields = ['title', 'classification']
preserve_filters=True
效果如下:
10. save_as = False:详细页面，按钮为“Save as new” 或 “Save and add another”
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
save_as = True
效果如下:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
save_as = False
效果如下:
11. save_as_continue = True:点击保存并继续编辑
用法与上一个用法相同
12. save_on_top = False:详细页面，在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
save_on_top = False
效果如下:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
list_select_related = ["publish"]
save_on_top = True
效果如下:
13. inlines:详细页面，如果有其他表和当前表做FK，那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price')
class BookInline(admin.StackedInline):
extra=0
model=models.Book
class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [BookInline,]
list_display = ['name','addr']
admin.site.register(models.Publish,PublishAdmin)
效果如下:
在编辑或添加出版社的时候可以同时添加多本书箱数据,添加书籍信息的时候是纵向添加书籍信息的
在这里BookInline这个类还可以继承TabularInline这个类实现横向添加书籍信息
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price')
class BookInline(admin.TabularInline):
extra=0
model=models.Book
class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [BookInline,]
list_display = ['name','addr']
admin.site.register(models.Publish,PublishAdmin)
效果如下:
14. action:列表时，定制action中的操作
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price')
def func1(self,request,queryset): # 定义具体的action的方法
pass
func1.short_description = "自定义操作" # 在页面上显示方法的名称
actions_on_top = True # action在页面上方显示
actions_on_bottom = False # action在页面下方显示
actions_selection_counter = True # 显示页面上选择数据的条数
actions=[func1,] # 添加定制的action的操作
在action列表中,添加一个func1的功能
15. 定制HTML模板
Django后台管理页面默认使用的模板是change_list.html
打开change_list.html页面,添加一行
<h3>hello python</h3>
刷新浏览器,可以看到
可以设置的选项有:
add_form_template = None # 添加数据的模板
change_form_template = None # 修改数据的模板
change_list_template = None # 显示数据的模板
delete_confirmation_template = None # 删除数据时确认页面的模板
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None # 选中之后删除的确认页面
object_history_template = None # 有ForeignKey时关联数据进行处理的模板
例子:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price')
change_list_template = ['change_list1.html']
效果如下:
16. raw_id_fields:详细页面，针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
正常显示的时候,FK和M2M字段是通过下拉框来进行操作的
添加raw_id_fields配置后,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title','price','classification')
raw_id_fields = ('publish','authors')
效果如下:
17. fields:详细页面时，显示的字段
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('title','price')
效果如下:
18. exclude:详细页面时，排除的字段
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
exclude = ('classification',)
效果如下:
19. readonly_fields:详细页面时，只读字段
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
readonly_fields = ('classification',)
效果如下:
20. fieldsets:详细页面时，使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
("基本信息",{
"fields":("title","price","publish",)
}),
("出版信息",{
"classes":("collapse","wide","extrapretty"),
"fields":("classification","authors","publication_date",)
}),
)
效果如下:
21. 详细页面时，M2M显示时，数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
filter_vertical = ("authors",)
效果如下:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
filter_horizontal = ("authors",)
效果如下:
22. ordering:列表时，数据排序规则
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
ordering=("-price",)
效果如下:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
ordering=("price",)
效果如下:
23. view_on_site:编辑时，是否在页面上显示view on set
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
def view_on_site(self,obj):
return "http://www.baidu.com"
点击view on set按钮,浏览器会指向"http://www.baidu.com"
24. radio_fields:详细页面时，使用radio显示选项（FK默认使用select）
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
radio_fields = {"publish":admin.VERTICAL}
效果如下:
25. show_full_result_count = True:列表时，模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
search_fields = ('title','classification')
show_full_result_count = True
效果如下:
26. formfield_overrides = {}:详细页面时，指定现实插件
27. prepopulated_fields = {}:添加页面，当在某字段填入值后，自动会将值填充到指定字段
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
search_fields = ('title','classification')
prepopulated_fields = {"title":("classification",)}
效果如下:
28. form = ModelForm:用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
未进行配置之前:
修改配置文件:
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
class MyForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=models.Book
fields="__all__"
error_messages = {
"title": {'required': "书名不能为空"},
"price": {'required': "价格不能为空"}
} # 自定义错误信息，用户输入错误时显示
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
search_fields = ('title','classification')
form=MyForm
效果如下:
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时，显示默认值"
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
search_fields = ('title','classification')
empty_value_display="列数据为空时,默认显示"
总结:
- 在定制admin的所有的操作的时候都是在配置文件中完成的.
- 在配置文件中,可以进行配置的有数据表的字段,函数和类
- 在某个页面中,可以配置使用自定义的模板.
- 同样的,请求到达Django的时候,也可以配置使其执行自定义的函数
ModelAdmin是放置在options.py文件中的.
打开options.py文件,可以看到ModelAdmin里有一个叫做changelist_view 的方法
from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
search_fields = ('title','classification')
empty_value_display="列数据为空时,默认显示"
可以看到,BookAdmin是继承自ModelAdmin这个类的,ModelAdmin里有一个changelist_view 的方法
所以在BookAdmin中也可以自定义一个changelist_view的视图函数.
自定义了changelist_view后,changelist_view这个方法只能对BookAdmin类生效,对别的类不起作用