时间戳

首页 > 技术文章 > 网络编程二（服务器、客户端）

网络编程二（服务器、客户端）

dreammmz 2020-08-18 15:56 原文

请先参看网络编程一（服务器、客户端）

https://www.cnblogs.com/dreammmz/p/13500249.html

 

网络编程一无法实现多个客户端同时连接访问，对其进行修改。

加入select()函数，该函数用于监视文件描述符的变化情况——读写或是异常。

int  select  (int  maxfd + 1, fd_set*  readset,  fd_set*  writeset,
                   fd_set*  exceptset,  const struct timeval*  timeout);
返回值：>0：就绪描述字的正数目；-1：出错；0：超时。
 fd_set fdRead;
 fd_set fdWrite;
 fd_set fdExp;

 //初始化个数为0；
 FD_ZERO(&fdRead);
 FD_ZERO(&fdWrite);
 FD_ZERO(&fdExp);

 FD_SET(_sock, &fdRead);
 FD_SET(_sock, &fdWrite);
 FD_SET(_sock, &fdExp);

 timeval t = {1,0};
 int ret=select(_sock +1, &fdRead,&fdWrite,&fdExp, &t);
 
maxfd + 1：最大的描述符（套接字）加1。
 
readset：用于检查可读性。
 
writeset：用于检查可写性。
 
exceptset：用于检查带外数据。
 
上面三个类型都为fd_set类型，其实就是一个结构体，如下所示：
typedef struct fd_set {
        u_int fd_count;               /* how many are SET? */
        SOCKET  fd_array[FD_SETSIZE];   /* an array of SOCKETs */
} fd_set;
 
timeout：一个timeval类型的对象，用来决定select等待I/O的最长时间。如果为NULL则一直等待，此时处于阻塞状态。
struct timeval {
        long    tv_sec;         /* seconds */
        long    tv_usec;        /* and microseconds */
};

 

 

完成代码：

服务器：

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
//注意将WinSock2放在之前 否则会报错
//或者使用宏定义
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<Windows.h>
//明确指定需要一个动态库
//在工程中连接器中加入lib动态库
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

enum CMD
{
    CMD_LOGIN,
    CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
    CMD_LOGOUT,
    CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
    CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
    CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
    short dataLength;
    short cmd;
};
struct Login :public DataHeader
{
    Login()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(Login);
        cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
    }
    char userName[32];
    char PassWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader
{
    LoginResult()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
        cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
        result = 0;
    }
    int result;
};
struct Logout :public DataHeader
{
    Logout()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
        cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
    }
    char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader
{
    LogoutResult()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
        cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
        result = 0;
    }
    int result;
};
struct NewUserJoin :public DataHeader
{
    NewUserJoin()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
        cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
        scok = 0;
    }
    int scok;
};

//创建全局的vector用来存储加入的客户端
std::vector<SOCKET> g_clients;

//用来处理客户端请求
int processor(SOCKET _cSock)
{
    char szRecv[4096] = {};
    //5、接受客户端的请求数据
    int nLen = recv(_cSock, (char*)&szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
    DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
    if (nLen <= 0)
    {
        std::cout << "客户端已退出,任务结束。socket="<< _cSock <<std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    switch (header->cmd)
    {
    case CMD_LOGIN:
    {
        Login login = {};
        recv(_cSock, (char*)&login + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(Login) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
        std::cout << "收到客户端：" << _cSock << ";" << std::endl
            << "数据长度：" << login.dataLength << ";" << std::endl
            << "userName：" << login.userName << ";" << std::endl
            << "userPass：" << login.PassWord << std::endl;
        LoginResult ret;
        send(_cSock, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
    }
    break;
    case CMD_LOGOUT:
    {
        Logout logout = {};
        recv(_cSock, (char*)&logout + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(logout) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
        std::cout << "收到客户端：" << _cSock << ";" << std::endl
            << "数据长度：" << logout.dataLength << ";" << std::endl
            << "userName：" << logout.userName << std::endl;
        //忽略判断用户名密码
        LogoutResult ret;
        send(_cSock, (char*)&ret, sizeof(ret), 0);
    }
    break;
    default:
        header->cmd = CMD_ERROR;
        header->dataLength = 0;
        send(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(header), 0);
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    //调用windows库文件
    //启动Windows socket 2.x环境
    WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA dat;
    WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
    
    //1、建立一个socket 套接字
    SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

    //将套接字和IP、端口绑定
    //2、bind 绑定用于接受客户端连接的 网路端口
    sockaddr_in _sin = {};
    _sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    _sin.sin_port = htons(4567);//绑定一个端口号
    _sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");    //绑定到那个ip地址
    if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin)))
    {
        std::cout << "绑定IP、端口失败~" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "绑定IP、端口成功~" << std::endl;
    }

    //3、listen 监听网络接口
    //#define INVALID_SOCKET  (SOCKET)(~0)
    //#define SOCKET_ERROR            (-1)
    if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(_sock, 5))
    {
        std::cout << "监听接口开启失败~" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "监听接口开启成功~" << std::endl;
    }

    while (true)
    {
        //描述符（socket）集合
        fd_set fdRead;
        fd_set fdWrite;
        fd_set fdExp;

        //初始化个数为0；
        FD_ZERO(&fdRead);
        FD_ZERO(&fdWrite);
        FD_ZERO(&fdExp);

        FD_SET(_sock, &fdRead);
        FD_SET(_sock, &fdWrite);
        FD_SET(_sock, &fdExp);

        for (int n = (int)g_clients.size()-1; n>=0 ; --n)
        {
            FD_SET(g_clients[n], &fdRead);
        }

        timeval t = {1,0};
        int ret=select(_sock +1, &fdRead,&fdWrite,&fdExp, &t);

        if (ret < 0)
        {
            std::cout << "select任务结束。" << std::endl;
            break;
        }

        if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdRead))
        {
            FD_CLR(_sock, &fdRead);    

            //4、accept 等待接受客户端连接
            sockaddr_in clientAddr = {};
            int nAddrLen = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
            SOCKET _cSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
            _cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
            if (INVALID_SOCKET == _cSock) {
                std::cout << "客户端连接失败~" << std::endl;
            }
            else 
            {
                //循环发送给每个客户端有新用户加入
                for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; --n)
                {
                    NewUserJoin userJoin;
                    send(g_clients[n], (const char*)&userJoin, sizeof(NewUserJoin), 0);
                }
                //将新用户加入到vector中
                g_clients.push_back(_cSock);
                std::cout << "新加入客户端IP：" << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr) << std::endl;
            }
        }

        //处理fdRead中的内容
        for (unsigned int n = 0; n < fdRead.fd_count; ++n)
        {
            if (-1 == processor(fdRead.fd_array[n]))
            {
                //判断客户端是否退出
                //如果退出需要从vector中将其去除
                auto iter = find(g_clients.begin(),g_clients.end(), fdRead.fd_array[n]);
                if (iter != g_clients.end())
                {
                    g_clients.erase(iter);
                }
            }
        }    
    }

    //出现异常逐个关闭套接字
    for (int n = g_clients.size(); n >= 0; --n)
    {
        closesocket(g_clients[n]);
    }

    //closesocket关闭套接字
    closesocket(_sock);

    WSACleanup();
    std::cout << "已退出,任务结束。" << std::endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

 

客户端：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include<iostream>
#include<thread>

//注意将WinSock2放在之前 否则会报错
//或者使用宏定义
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<Windows.h>
//明确指定需要一个动态库
//在工程中连接器中加入lib动态库
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

enum CMD
{
    CMD_LOGIN,
    CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
    CMD_LOGOUT,
    CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
    CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
    CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
    short dataLength;
    short cmd;
};
//登录
//包体继承包头信息
//生成一个完整的包
struct Login :public DataHeader
{
    Login()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(Login);
        cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
    }
    char userName[32];
    char PassWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader
{
    LoginResult()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
        cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
        result = 0;
    }
    int result;
};
//退出
struct Logout :public DataHeader
{
    Logout()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
        cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
    }
    char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader
{
    LogoutResult()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
        cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
        result = 0;
    }
    int result;
};
//网络数据报文的格式定义
//报文有两个部分 包头和包体
//包头 描述本次消息包的大小 描述数据的作用
//包体 传输数据
struct NewUserJoin :public DataHeader
{
    NewUserJoin()
    {
        dataLength = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
        cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
        scok = 0;
    }
    int scok;
};

int processor(SOCKET _cSock)
{
    char szRecv[4096] = {};
    //5、接受客户端的请求数据
    int nLen = recv(_cSock, (char*)&szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
    DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
    if (nLen <= 0)
    {
        std::cout << "与服务器断开连接，任务结束。" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    //通过接收到的header来判断
    //客户端发送的命令是什么
    //同时给客户端反馈
    switch (header->cmd)
    {
    case CMD_LOGIN_RESULT:
    {
        recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength- sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
        LoginResult* login = (LoginResult*)szRecv;
        std::cout << "收到服务器CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;" 
            << "数据长度：" << login->dataLength << ";" << std::endl;
    
    }
    break;
    case CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT:
    {
        recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
        LogoutResult* logout = (LogoutResult*)szRecv;
        std::cout << "收到服务器CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;"
            << "数据长度：" << logout->dataLength << ";" << std::endl;
    }
    break;
    case CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN:
    {
        recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
        NewUserJoin* userJoin = (NewUserJoin*)szRecv;
        std::cout << "收到服务器消息 CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN; " << "数据长度：" << userJoin->dataLength << ";" << std::endl;
    }
    break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    return 0;
}

bool g_bRun = true;
void cmdThread(SOCKET _sock)
{
    while (true)
    {
        char cmdBuf[256] = {};
        std::cin >> cmdBuf;
        if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "exit"))    
        {
            g_bRun = false;
            std::cout << "收到exit命令，任务结束。" << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "login"))
        {
            //5、向服务器发送命令
            Login login;
            strcpy(login.userName, "xmq");
            strcpy(login.PassWord, "mima");
            send(_sock, (const char*)&login, sizeof(login), 0);
        }
        else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "logout"))
        {
            //5、向服务器发送命令
            Logout logout;
            strcpy(logout.userName, "xmq");
            send(_sock, (const char*)&logout, sizeof(logout), 0);
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "不支持命令，请重新输入。" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    
}

int main()
{
    //调用windows库文件
    //启动Windows socket 2.x环境
    WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA dat;
    WSAStartup(ver, &dat);

    //1、建立一个socket
    SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
    {
        std::cout << "建立socket失败~" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "建立socket成功~" << std::endl;
    }
    //2、连接服务器
    sockaddr_in _sin = {};
    _sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    _sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
    _sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    int ret = connect(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
    if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
    {
        std::cout << "连接服务器失败" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "连接服务器成功" << std::endl;
    }
    //启动线程
    std::thread t1(cmdThread,_sock);
    t1.detach();

    while (g_bRun)
    {
        fd_set fdReads;
        FD_ZERO(&fdReads);
        FD_SET(_sock, &fdReads);

        timeval t = {1,0};
        int ret = select(_sock + 1, &fdReads, 0, 0, &t);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            std::cout << "select任务结束1。" << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdReads))
        {
            FD_CLR(_sock, &fdReads);

            if (-1 == processor(_sock))
            {
                std::cout << "select任务结束2。" << std::endl;
                break;
            }    
        }

        //std::cout << "空闲时间处理其他任务。" << std::endl;
        

    }
    //7、closesocket 关闭套接字
    closesocket(_sock);

    WSACleanup();

    std::cout << "已退出,任务结束。" << std::endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

推荐阅读