检查安装vsftpd软件
rpm -qa |grep vsftpd 或者 which vsftpd
查看ftp 服务器状态
service vsftpd status
启动ftp服务器
service vsftpd start
重启ftp服务器
service vsftpd restart
查看服务有没有启动
netstat -an | grep 21
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
如果看到以上信息，证明ftp服务已经开启。
通过yum来安装vsftpd
yum -y install vsftpd
设置为开机启动
chkconfig vsftpd on
匿名用户
我们去掉配置文件vsftpd.conf 里面以下
两项前面的#号，就可以完成匿名用户的配置，此时匿名用户既可以登录上传、下载文件。记得修改配置文件后需要重启服务
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
忘记ftp密码修改方法
cd /etc/vsftpd
vi vsftpd.conf
找到对应的ftp用户名 （如果用户名也忘记了 那么 cd /etc 然后cat passwd 查看用户和对应的管理目录）
passwd ftp用户名（回车）
然后重新启动
service vsftpd restart
建用户
命令行状态下，在root用户下
useradd -d /home/test test
增加用户test，并制定test用户的主目录为/home/test
passwd test
为test设置密码，运行后输入两次相同密码
更改用户相应的权限设置
usermod -s /sbin/nologin test
限定用户test不能telnet，只能ftp
usermod -s /sbin/bash test
用户test恢复正常
usermod -d /test test
更改用户test的主目录为/test
限制用户只能访问/home/test，不能访问其他路径
修改/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.chroot_list
第一行：chroot_list_enable=YES //限制访问自身目录
第三行：编辑vsftpd.chroot_list。根据第三行说指定的目录，找到chroot_list文件。（因主机不同，文件名也许略
有不同）
编辑vsftpd.chroot_list，将受限制的用户添加进去，每个用户名一行
-----------1-------------
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.chroot_list
添加后如下：
test /home/ftp
------------2--------------
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.user_list
添加后如下：
test
ftp默认打开目录(如果用户配置了不需要配置这个)
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 增加一行 local_root=/opt/tomcat
Linux下如何修改用户默认目录
切换到root用户，直接修改/etc/passwd文件，找到你的用户名你一行，如下图所示修改路径，然后保存即可 切换到root用户，使用usermod命令，例如usermod -d /tmp test (test为你的用户名)，使用该命令请确保该用户下没有运行的软件或进程 最后切换到普通账户，就会看到当前默认目录已经更改了
如果需要允许用户修改密码，但是又没有telnet登录系统的权限：
usermod -s /usr/bin/passwd test
用户telnet后将直接进入改密界面
设置上传权限
chmod 777 -R /home
要添加模块和开放21端口才能提供ftp访问
添加ip_conntrack_ftp 模块
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
添加下面一行
IPTABLES_MODULES="ip_conntrack_ftp"
打开21端口
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
添加
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
重启iptables使新的规则生效
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart
到此，应该是可以了，若软件测试连接过程中，在用户验证的时候出现了错误503，应该是selinux设置的问题：可以用下面的命令检查
[root@localhost ~]#getsebool -a |grep ftp allow_ftpd_anon_write --> off allow_ftpd_full_access --> off allow_ftpd_use_cifs --> off allow_ftpd_use_nfs --> off allow_tftp_anon_write --> off ftp_home_dir --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_disable_trans --> off ftpd_is_daemon --> on httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
这是selinux的问题，我们只要打开ftp_home_dir的值开启为on：，allow_ftpd_full_access也一同开启即可。
[root@localhost ~]#setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1 [root@localhost ~]#setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access 1
----------------------------------------------------------------
vsftpd.conf文件说明
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES //是否允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,默认是允许的.
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES //是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器,默认是允许
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES //是否允许用户具有在FTP服务器文件中执行写的权限,默认是允许
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022,默认是077
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //是否允许匿名账户在FTP服务器中创建目录
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES //激活目录信息,当远程用户更改目录时,将出现提示信息
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES //启用上传和下载日志功能
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log //设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径,这是默认的
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
xferlog_std_format=YES//是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志文件格式
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600 //设置空闲的用户会话中断时间,默认是10分钟
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120//设置数据连接超时时间,默认是120秒.
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties
# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in
# ASCII mode.
# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish
# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),
# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be
# on the client anyway..
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES //是否允许使用ASCII格式来上传和下载文件
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.//在FTP服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES //如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录以外的其它目录,需要设置该项,如果设置chroot_list_enable=YES,那么只允许/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list中列出的用户具有该功能.如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者chroot,可以增加一行:chroot_local_user=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd //设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称,该文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录下.
userlist_enable=YES //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器,默认是不允许
#enable for standalone mode
listen=YES //使vsftpd 处于独立启动模式
tcp_wrappers=YES //使用tcp_wrqppers作为主机访问控制方式
2.vsftpd.ftpusers文件说明
这个文件是用来记录"不允许"登录到FTP服务器的用户,通常是一些系统默认的用户.
下面是该文件中默认的不允许登录的名单:
# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
root //默认情况下,root和它以下的用户是不允许登录FTP服务器的.可以将不允许登录的用户添加到这里来.但切记每个用户都要单独占用一行.
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
3.vsftpd.user_list文件说明
其实它的内容跟上面那个文件内容一样,只是在系统对文件vsftpd.conf 进行检测时,会检测到"userlist_deny=YES",因此这个文件必须存在.下面是这个文件的内容.
# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody