10 使用Apache服务部署静态网站

网站服务程序

http 协议

httpd 服务名称、软件包名称

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /media/cdrom
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo
[rhel7]
name=rhel7
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install httpd

[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable httpd

配置服务文件参数

表 Linux系统中的配置文件

服务目录	/etc/httpd
主配置文件	/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
网站数据目录	/var/www/html
访问日志	/var/log/httpd/access_log
错误日志	/var/log/httpd/error_log

表1 配置httpd服务程序时最常用的参数以及用途描述

ServerRoot	服务目录
ServerAdmin	管理员邮箱
User	运行服务的用户
Group	运行服务的用户组
ServerName	网站服务器的域名
DocumentRoot	网站数据目录
Listen	监听的IP地址与端口号
DirectoryIndex	默认的索引页页面
ErrorLog	错误日志文件
CustomLog	访问日志文件
Timeout	网页超时时间，默认为300秒

[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "Welcome To LinuxProbe.Com" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /home/wwwroot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "The New Web Directory" > /home/wwwroot/index.html

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox

SELinux安全子系统

SELinux域：

​ 服务

SELinux安全上下文：

​ 文件

setenforce 0 临时关闭

setenforce 1 临时开启

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

[root@linuxprobe ~]# getenforce 

[root@linuxprobe ~]# setenforce 0
[root@linuxprobe ~]# getenforce
Permissive

[root@linuxprobe ~]# setenforce 1
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ls -Zd /var/www/html
drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 /var/www/html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ls -Zd /home/wwwroot
drwxrwxrwx. root root unconfined_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0 /home/wwwroot

semanage命令

-l参数用于查询；

-a参数用于添加；

-m参数用于修改；

-d参数用于删除。

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/*

[root@linuxprobe ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/wwwroot/

10个人用户主页功能**

Public_html 每个用户自己的网站数据目录

getsebool -a 查看策略

getsebool 设置策略

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf 

[root@linuxprobe home]# su - linuxprobe
Last login: Fri May 22 13:17:37 CST 2017 on :0
[linuxprobe@linuxprobe ~]$ mkdir public_html
[linuxprobe@linuxprobe ~]$ echo "This is linuxprobe's website" > public_html/index.html
[linuxprobe@linuxprobe ~]$ chmod -Rf 755 /home/linuxprobe

[root@linuxprobe ~]# getsebool -a | grep http

[root@linuxprobe ~]# setsebool -P httpd_enable_homedirs=on
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox

有时，网站的拥有者并不希望直接将网页内容显示出来，只想让通过身份验证的用户访客看到里面的内容，这时就可以在网站中添加口令功能了。

[root@linuxprobe ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/passwd linuxprobe
New password:此处输入用于网页验证的密码
Re-type new password:再输入一遍进行确认
Adding password for user linuxprobe

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
27 #
28 # Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example
29 # for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.
30 #
31 <Directory "/home/*/public_html">
32 AllowOverride all
#刚刚生成出来的密码验证文件保存路径
33 authuserfile "/etc/httpd/passwd"
#当用户尝试访问个人用户网站时的提示信息
34 authname "My privately website"
35 authtype basic
#用户进行账户密码登录时需要验证的用户名称
36 require user linuxprobe
37 </Directory>
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd

10虚拟网站主机功能

10.5.1 基于IP地址

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/10
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/20
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/30
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "IP:192.168.10.10" > /home/wwwroot/10/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "IP:192.168.10.20" > /home/wwwroot/20/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "IP:192.168.10.30" > /home/wwwroot/30/index.html

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
………………省略部分输出信息………………
113 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10>
114 DocumentRoot /home/wwwroot/10
115 ServerName www.linuxprobe.com
116 <Directory /home/wwwroot/10 >
117 AllowOverride None
118 Require all granted
119 </Directory>
120 </VirtualHost>
121 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.20>
122 DocumentRoot /home/wwwroot/20
123 ServerName bbs.linuxprobe.com
124 <Directory /home/wwwroot/20 >
125 AllowOverride None
126 Require all granted
127 </Directory>
128 </VirtualHost>
129 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.30>
130 DocumentRoot /home/wwwroot/30
131 ServerName tech.linuxprobe.com
132 <Directory /home/wwwroot/30 >
133 AllowOverride None
134 Require all granted
135 </Directory>
136 </VirtualHost>
………………省略部分输出信息………………
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/10
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/10/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/20
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/20/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/30
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/30/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/wwwroot

10.5.2 基于主机域名

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.10 www.linuxprobe.com bbs.linuxprobe.com tech.linuxprobe.com
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ping -c 4 www.linuxprobe.com
PING www.linuxprobe.com (192.168.10.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.linuxprobe.com (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from www.linuxprobe.com (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from www.linuxprobe.com (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from www.linuxprobe.com (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
--- www.linuxprobe.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.061/0.069/0.077/0.008 ms
[root@linuxprobe ~]# 

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/www
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/bbs
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/tech
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "WWW.linuxprobe.com" > /home/wwwroot/www/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "BBS.linuxprobe.com" > /home/wwwroot/bbs/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "TECH.linuxprobe.com" > /home/wwwroot/tech/index.html

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
………………省略部分输出信息………………
113 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10>
114 DocumentRoot "/home/wwwroot/www"
115 ServerName "www.linuxprobe.com"
116 <Directory "/home/wwwroot/www">
117 AllowOverride None
118 Require all granted
119 </directory> 
120 </VirtualHost>
121 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10>
122 DocumentRoot "/home/wwwroot/bbs"
123 ServerName "bbs.linuxprobe.com"
124 <Directory "/home/wwwroot/bbs">
125 AllowOverride None
126 Require all granted
127 </Directory>
128 </VirtualHost>
129 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10>
130 DocumentRoot "/home/wwwroot/tech"
131 ServerName "tech.linuxprobe.com"
132 <Directory "/home/wwwroot/tech">
133 AllowOverride None
134 Require all granted
135 </directory>
136 </VirtualHost>
………………省略部分输出信息………………

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/www
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/www/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/bbs
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/bbs/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/tech
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/tech/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/wwwroot

[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox 

10.5.3 基于端口号

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/6111
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/6222
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "port:6111" > /home/wwwroot/6111/index.html
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "port:6222" > /home/wwwroot/6222/index.html

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
………………省略部分输出信息……………… 
 33 #
 34 # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
 35 # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
 36 # directive.
 37 #
 38 # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
 39 # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
 40 #
 41 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
 42 Listen 80
 43 Listen 6111
 44 Listen 6222
………………省略部分输出信息……………… 

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
………………省略部分输出信息……………… 
113 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:6111>
114 DocumentRoot "/home/wwwroot/6111"
115 ServerName www.linuxprobe.com
116 <Directory "/home/wwwroot/6111">
117 AllowOverride None
118 Require all granted
119 </Directory> 
120 </VirtualHost>
121 <VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:6222>
122 DocumentRoot "/home/wwwroot/6222"
123 ServerName bbs.linuxprobe.com
124 <Directory "/home/wwwroot/6222">
125 AllowOverride None
126 Require all granted
127 </Directory>
128 </VirtualHost>
………………省略部分输出信息………………

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/6111
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/6111/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/6222
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/wwwroot/6222/*
[root@linuxprobe ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/wwwroot/

[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage port -l | grep http

[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 6111
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 6222
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage port -l| grep http
http_cache_port_t tcp 8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
http_cache_port_t udp 3130
http_port_t tcp  6222, 6111, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
pegasus_http_port_t tcp 5988
pegasus_https_port_t tcp 5989
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox

10.6 Apache的访问控制

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/server
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "Successful" > /var/www/html/server/index.html

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
………………省略部分输出信息………………
129 <Directory "/var/www/html/server">
130 SetEnvIf User-Agent "Firefox" ff=1
131 Order allow,deny
132 Allow from env=ff
133 </Directory>
………………省略部分输出信息………………
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
………………省略部分输出信息………………
129 <Directory "/var/www/html/server">
130 Order allow,deny 
131 Allow from 192.168.10.20
132 </Directory>
………………省略部分输出信息………………
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@linuxprobe ~]# firefox