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Ubuntu网络配置

xuanlv-0413 2021-04-18 14:44 原文

修改主机名

root@ubuntu1804:~# hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu1804.longxuan.top
root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/hostname
ubuntu1804.longxuan.top
root@ubuntu1804:~# hostname
ubuntu1804.longxuan.top
root@ubuntu1804:~# echo $HOSTNAME
ubuntu1804
root@ubuntu1804:~# exit
logout
wang@ubuntu1804:~$ sudo -i
root@ubuntu1804:~# echo $HOSTNAME
ubuntu1804.longxuan.top

修改网卡名称为传统命名方式：

#修改配置文件为下面形式
root@ubuntu1804:~# vi /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0"
#或者sed修改
root@ubuntu1804:~# sed -i.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s#"$#net.ifnames=0"#'
/etc/default/grub
#生效新的grub.cfg文件
root@ubuntu1804:~# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
#或者
root@ubuntu1804:~# update-grub
root@ubuntu1804:~# grep net.ifnames /boot/grub/grub.cfg
#重启生效
root@ubuntu1804:~# reboot

Ubuntu网卡配置

官网文档：
https://help.ubuntu.com/
https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/network-configuration

配置自动获取IP

网卡配置文件采用YAML格式,必须以/etc/netplan/XXX.yaml 文件命名方式存放
可以每个网卡对应一个单独的配置文件,也可以将所有网卡都放在一个配置文件里

范例：

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: yes

配置静态IP

root@ubuntu1804:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [172.31.0.19/16,10.0.0.10/8] #或者用下面两行,两种格式不能混用
      - 172.31.0.19/16
      - 10.0.0.10/8
      gateway4: 10.0.0.254
      nameservers:
        search: [longxuan.com, longxuan.top]
        addresses: [180.76.76.76, 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]

查看ip和gateway

root@ubuntu1804:~# ip addr
root@ubuntu1804:~# route -n

查看DNS

root@ubuntu1804:~# ls -l /etc/resolv.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Dec 12 11:36 /etc/resolv.conf ->
../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf
root@ubuntu2004:~# resolvectl status #Ubuntu 20.04新命令
root@ubuntu1804:~# systemd-resolve --status
Global
DNSSEC NTA: 10.in-addr.arpa
...
MulticastDNS setting: no
DNSSEC setting: no
DNSSEC supported: no
DNS Servers: 180.76.76.76
8.8.8.8
1.1.1.1
DNS Domain: longxuan.com
longxuan.top

配置多⽹卡静态IP和静态路由

root@ubuntu1804:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.19/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6]
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.8.20/16]
      routes:
      - to: 172.31.0.0/16
        via: 172.31.0.1
      - to: 10.40.0.0/16
        via: 10.20.0.1
      - to: 10.50.0.0/16
        via: 10.20.0.1
      - to: 10.60.0.0/16
        via: 10.20.0.1
root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply

#或者每个网卡各自一个配置文件
root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# ls
01-netcfg.yaml 02-eth1.yaml
root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# cat 01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: yes
      
root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# cat 02-eth1.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth1:
      addresses:
      - 172.31.0.19/16
      - 192.168.0.100/24
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        search: [longxuan.com, longxuan.tcp]
        addresses: [180.76.76.76, 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]
        routes:
        - to: 172.31.0.0/16
          via: 172.31.0.1
        - to: 10.40.0.0/16
          via: 10.20.0.1
        - to: 10.50.0.0/16
          via: 10.20.0.1
        - to: 10.60.0.0/16
          via: 10.20.0.1

单⽹卡桥接

root@ubuntu1804:~# apt install -y bridge-utils
root@ubuntu1804:~# dpkg -L bridge-utils
/sbin/brctl
......
#三个网卡配置使用一个配置文件
root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: yes
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth2:
      dhcp4: no
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.19/16]
      gateway4: 1072.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6]
      interfaces:
      - eth1
      - eth2


#桥接配置单独一个文件
[root@ubuntu1804 netplan]# vim /etc/netplan/br0.yaml

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth2:
      dhcp4: no
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.10/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6]
      interfaces:
      - eth1
      - eth2


root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig br0
root@ubuntu1804:~# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.9ebe1d856601 no eth1
eth2

多⽹卡桥接

#有多少个eth 就要有多少块网卡
root@ubuntu1804:~# vim /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.19/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6]
      interfaces:
        - eth0
    br1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.19/16]
      routes:
        - to: 172.31.0.0/16
          via: 172.31.0.1
        - to: 10.30.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.4.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.50.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
      interfaces:
        - eth1


root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.96dbd15c1daf no eth0
br1 8000.9e02ab0faeb0 no eth1
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig br0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.31.0.18 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.31.255.255
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig br1
br1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.31.0.18 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.31.255.255

双⽹卡绑定

支持多网卡绑定七种模式
第一种模式：mod=0，即：(balance-rr) Round-robin policy（平衡抡循环策略）
特点：传输数据包顺序是依次传输（即：第1个包走eth0，下一个包就走eth1...一直循环下去，直到最后一
个传输完毕），此模式提供负载平衡和容错能力。
第二种模式：mod=1，即： (active-backup) Active-backup policy（主-备份策略）
特点：只有一个设备处于活动状态，当一个宕掉另一个马上由备份转换为主设备。mac地址是外部可见得，从
外面看来，bond的MAC地址是唯一的，以避免switch(交换机)发生混乱。此模式只提供了容错能力；由此可
见此算法的优点是可以提供网络连接的可用性，但是它的资源利用率较低，只有一个接口处于工作状态，在有
N 个网络接⼝的情况下，资源利用率为1/N。
第三种模式：mod=2，即：(balance-xor) XOR policy（平衡策略）
特点：基于指定的传输HASH策略传输数据包。缺省的策略是：(源MAC地址 XOR 目标MAC地址) % slave数
量。其他的传输策略可以通过xmit_hash_policy选项指定，此模式提供负载平衡和容错能力。
第四种模式：mod=3，即：broadcast（广播策略）
特点：在每个slave接口上传输每个数据包，此模式提供了容错能力。
第五种模式：mod=4，即：(802.3ad) IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation（IEEE
802.3ad 动态链接聚合）
特点：创建一个聚合组，它们共享同样的速率和双工设定。根据802.3ad规范将多个slave工作在同一个激活
的聚合体下。
必要条件：
条件1：ethtool持获取每个slave的速率和双工设定。
条件2：switch(交换机)支持IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation。
条件3：多数switch(交换机)需要经过特定配置才能支持802.3ad模式。

第六种模式：mod=5，即：(balance-tlb) Adaptive transmit load balancing（适配器传输负载
均衡）
特点：不需要任何特别的switch(交换机)支持的通道bonding。在每个slave上根据当前的负载（根据速度
计算）分配外出流量。如果正在接受数据的slave出故障了，另一个slave接管失败的slave的MAC地址。
该模式的必要条件：
ethtool支持获取每个slave的速率
第七种模式：mod=6，即：(balance-alb) Adaptive load balancing（适配器适应性负载均衡）
特点：该模式包含了balance-tlb模式，同时加上针对IPV4流量的接收负载均衡(receive load
balance,rlb)，而且不需要任何switch(交换机)的支持。

root@ubuntu1804:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      interfaces:
        - eth0
        - eth1
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
        
root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig bond0
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.31.0.18 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.31.255.255

root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig eth1
eth1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
...
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:9b
Slave queue ID: 0
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:91
Slave queue ID: 0

双⽹卡绑定+桥接

⽹卡绑定⽤于提供⽹卡接⼝冗余以及⾼可⽤和端⼝聚合功能，桥接⽹卡再给需要桥接设备的服务使⽤

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      interfaces:
        - eth0
        - eth1
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
      interfaces:
        - bond0
        
root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.96dbd15c1daf no bond0

⽹卡的多组绑定

可以实现网卡的多组绑定，比如：eth0,eth1绑定至bond0,eth2和eth3绑定bond1

root@ubuntu1804:~#cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth2:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth3:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no

  bonds:
    bond0:
      interfaces:
        - eth0
        - eth1
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
        
    bond1:
      interfaces:
        - eth2
        - eth3
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
      routes:
        - to: 172.31.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.30.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.40.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.50.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1

root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig
root@ubuntu1804:~# route -n

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth1
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:9b
Slave queue ID: 0
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:91
Slave queue ID: 0

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth3
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Slave Interface: eth3
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:b9
Slave queue ID: 0
Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:34:df:a5
Slave queue ID: 0

⽹卡多组绑定+多组桥接

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth2:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    eth3:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      
  bonds:
    bond0:
      interfaces:
        - eth0
        - eth1
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
    bond1:
      interfaces:
        - eth2
        - eth3
      parameters:
        mode: active-backup
        mii-monitor-interval: 100

  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      gateway4: 172.31.0.1254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
      interfaces:
        - bond0
    br1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      interfaces:
        - bond1
      addresses: [172.31.0.18/16]
      routes:
        - to: 172.31.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.30.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.40.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1
        - to: 10.50.0.0/16
          via: 10.10.0.1

root@ubuntu1804:~# netplan apply
root@ubuntu1804:~# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.96dbd15c1daf no bond0
br1 8000.9e02ab0faeb0 no bond1
root@ubuntu1804:~# route -n
root@ubuntu1804:~# ifconfig

root@ubuntu1804:~# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1

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