在ArcCatalog左侧目录树中有Database Connections.
双击后选择database plantform：postgresql，instance为localhost（127.0.0.1一样），输入用户和密码（默认用户postgres），database最好不要选择默认系统数据库postgres（有的会提示不能选择系统数据库）
Unable to connect to database server to retrieve database list; please verify your server name, user name and password info and try again.
或者
Cannot connect to database because client software failed to load. Be sure the database client software is installed and configured correctly.
1.请检查连接客户端配置。
http://support.esri.com/en/technical-article/000011608
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#/Setting_up_a_connection_to_PostgreSQL/002p0000003q000000/
下载dll配置文件放到arcgis bin目录下。
如果还不可以，请看2.
2，可能是postgresql或者postgis版本位数与arcgis位数不匹配造成
https://my.oschina.net/JasonZhang/blog/655731?p={{totalPage}}
https://www.zhihu.com/question/28976663