winapi - 在 win32 应用程序中嵌入 cmd 并且文本不可选

Question

我编写了 gui 和控制台程序。对于控制台，我使用像\33[0m这样的颜色输出。对于 gui 我需要编写更多代码，如果我切换到另一个 gui 库我需要重写代码。一些简单的库（我目前正在使用）甚至没有 api 自定义文本颜色。所以我尝试使用 cmd 作为所有应用程序的输出。

问题是我无法在控制台中选择文本，即使我将控制台默认设置为QuickEdit 模式。

代码：（如果没有出现cmd，请调整主窗口大小，然后它应该会出现）

#include <windows.h>

#include <iostream>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nShowCmd)
{
    static TCHAR lpszAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin");
    HWND      hwnd;
    MSG       msg;
    WNDCLASS  wc;

    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = lpszAppName;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
            lpszAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow(lpszAppName,
        TEXT("The Hello Program"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL);

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        {
            using namespace std;
            AllocConsole();
            freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout); // redirect std::cout to console
            cout << "test console" << endl;

            // get console handle
            HWND console = GetConsoleWindow();
            SetParent(console, hwnd);
            SetWindowLong(console, GWL_STYLE, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE);
            // ShowWindow(console, SW_MAXIMIZE);

            DWORD prev_mode;
            GetConsoleMode(console, &prev_mode); 
            SetConsoleMode(console, prev_mode | ENABLE_QUICK_EDIT_MODE);
            cout << "aaaaaaaaaa" << endl;
            cout << "aaaaaaaaaa" << endl;
            cout << "aaaaaaaaaa" << endl;
            cout << "aaaaaaaaaa" << endl;
        }
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

如何使其可选？还有其他可用于嵌入我的应用程序的替代控制台应用程序吗？（我尝试了 ConEmu 但没有运气）

标签： winapiwin32guiwindows-console

Answer 1

SetParent文档指出，如果将此函数与另一个进程一起使用，则必须为两个 Windows 同步 UISTATE：

当您更改窗口的父级时，您应该同步两个窗口的 UISTATE。有关详细信息，请参阅WM_CHANGEUISTATE 和WM_UPDATEUISTATE。

但是您无权访问控制台的消息循环。有两个消息循环，Windows 必须阻止一些消息。你马上就会看到焦点和绘画的问题。当您单击控制台窗口时，它不会获得焦点，或者它不会被绘制。使用WS_CLIPCHILDREN将改善绘画。要重定向焦点，您必须从您自己的窗口调用SetForeground(console)and SetFocus(console)（这必须在返回后完成，例如WM_CREATE，您可以处理此问题，或使用），但随后会遇到更多问题。即使您确实可以访问其他进程，这也不容易。同步线程已经够难了，同步进程会更糟。WM_LBUTTONDOWNPostMessage

另请参阅：拥有跨进程父/子或所有者/拥有的窗口关系是否合法？
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20130412-00/?p=4683

你有更简单的选择。您可以稍微修改代码以写入std::ostringstream流并将其粘贴到编辑控件中，或重定向cout到编辑控件。

下面的示例使用 RichEdit 控件来支持颜色和字体样式，大致基于 Bash 编码：

#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <Richedit.h>

class my_stream
{
    HWND hedit;
public:
    std::wostringstream oss;

    HWND create(HWND hwnd, int x, int y, int w, int h, HINSTANCE hinst, int menu_id)
    {
        //create rich edit control
        LoadLibrary(L"Msftedit.dll");
        hedit = CreateWindow(MSFTEDIT_CLASS, 0,
            ES_READONLY | ES_MULTILINE | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, x, y, w, h, 
            hwnd, HMENU(menu_id), NULL, NULL);

        //default background color
        SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETBKGNDCOLOR, 0, (LPARAM)RGB(0, 0, 0));

        //default text color
        CHARFORMAT cf = { sizeof(cf) };
        cf.dwMask = CFM_COLOR | CFM_FACE | CFM_SIZE;
        cf.yHeight = 220;
        cf.crTextColor = RGB(255, 255, 255);
        //Consolas font is available since Vista
        wcscpy_s(cf.szFaceName, _countof(cf.szFaceName), L"Consolas"); 
        SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETSEL, (WPARAM)0, (LPARAM)-1);
        SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETCHARFORMAT, SCF_SELECTION, (LPARAM)&cf);
        return hedit;
    }

    template<typename T>
    my_stream& operator<<(const T& rhs)
    {
        //write to stream
        oss.str(L"");
        oss << rhs;
        std::wstring s = oss.str();

        if(s.find(L"\033[") == 0)
        {
            bool bold = false;
            if(s.find(L"\033[1") == 0)
            {
                bold = true;
                s[2] = L'0';
            }

            COLORREF color = RGB(255, 255, 255);
            if(s == L"\033[0m") color = RGB(255, 255, 255);
            if(s == L"\033[0;30m") color = RGB(0, 0, 0);//black
            if(s == L"\033[0;31m") color = RGB(255, 0, 0);//red
            if(s == L"\033[0;32m") color = RGB(0, 255, 0);//green
            if(s == L"\033[0;33m") color = RGB(128, 64, 0);//brown
            if(s == L"\033[0;34m") color = RGB(0, 128, 255);//blue
            if(s == L"\033[0;35m") color = RGB(255, 0, 255);//magenta
            if(s == L"\033[0;36m") color = RGB(0, 255, 255);//cyan
            if(s == L"\033[0;37m") color = RGB(192, 192, 192);//light gray

            CHARFORMAT cf = { sizeof(cf) };
            cf.dwMask = CFM_BOLD | CFM_COLOR;
            cf.dwEffects = bold ? CFE_BOLD : 0;
            cf.crTextColor = color;
            SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETSEL, (WPARAM)-1, (LPARAM)-1);
            SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETCHARFORMAT, SCF_SELECTION, (LPARAM)&cf);
        }
        else
        {
            append_to_richedit(s.c_str());
        }

        return *this;
    }

    //this is for std::endl
    my_stream& operator<<(std::wostream& (*func)(std::wostream&))
    {
        oss.str(L"");
        oss << func;
        append_to_richedit(oss.str().c_str());
        return *this;
    }

    void append_to_richedit(const wchar_t *text)
    {
        if(text && wcslen(text))
        {
            SendMessage(hedit, EM_SETSEL, (WPARAM)-1, (LPARAM)-1);
            SendMessage(hedit, EM_REPLACESEL, (WPARAM)FALSE, (LPARAM)text);
        }
    }
};

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
    static my_stream cout;
    switch(msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
        RECT rc;
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
        InflateRect(&rc, -10, -10);
        cout.create(hwnd, rc.left, rc.top, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top,
            ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lparam)->hInstance, 0);

        cout << "\033[0;31m" << "red\n";
        cout << "\033[1;31m" << "bold red\n";
        cout << "\033[0m" << "reset\n";
        cout << "\033[0;32m" << "green\n";
        cout << "\033[0;34m" << std::showbase << std::hex << 17 << std::endl;
        cout << "\033[1m";
        cout << L"bold, unicode ☺ ελληνική\n";
        cout << L"Win10 symbols \n";
        cout.oss.precision(3);
        cout << "numbers " << std::setw(10) << 3.1415 << std::endl;
        break;
    }

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
}

int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hinst, HINSTANCE, LPTSTR, int)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wcex = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX) };
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.hInstance = hinst;
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
    wcex.lpszClassName = L"Test";
    RegisterClassEx(&wcex);

    CreateWindow(wcex.lpszClassName, L"Test", WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
        100, 100, 600, 400, 0, 0, hinst, 0);

    MSG msg;
    while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int)msg.wParam;
}

这是一个只读的富编辑控件，它应该支持鼠标选择和 Ctrl+C 进行复制。您可以将richedit 控件子类化以添加菜单功能。