时间戳

首页 > 解决方案 > python turtle 奇怪的光标跳转

python - python turtle 奇怪的光标跳转

问题描述

我正在尝试用鼠标使用海龟绘图，我得到了下面的演示代码，但有时在鼠标移动期间光标会跳转：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import turtle
import sys

width = 600
height = 300
def gothere(event):
    turtle.penup()
    x = event.x
    y = event.y
    print "gothere (%d,%d)"%(x,y)
    turtle.goto(x,y)
    turtle.pendown()

def movearound(event):
    x = event.x
    y = event.y
    print "movearound (%d,%d)"%(x,y)
    turtle.goto(x,y)

def release(event):
    print "release"
    turtle.penup()

def circle(x,y,r):
    turtle.pendown() 
    turtle.goto(x,y)
    turtle.circle(r)
    turtle.penup()
    return

def reset(event):
    print "reset"
    turtle.clear()

#------------------------------------------------#
sys.setrecursionlimit(90000)
turtle.screensize(canvwidth=width, canvheight=height, bg=None)
turtle.reset()
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.setup(width, height)

canvas = turtle.getcanvas()

canvas.bind("<Button-1>", gothere)
canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", movearound)
canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", release)
canvas.bind("<Escape>",reset)

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setworldcoordinates(0,height,width,0)
screen.listen()

turtle.mainloop()
#------------------------------------------------#

有关实际行为，请参见下面的 gif：

在此处输入图像描述

不确定是否有任何 API 调用错误！

标签： pythonturtle-graphics

解决方案

我发现您的代码有几个问题：

  • 您正在将turtle 的面向对象接口与该模块的功能接口混合。我推荐一个或另一个，但不是两者兼而有之。请参阅我import对仅强制 OOP 的更改。

  • 您正在使用低级 tkinter 鼠标和键事件，而不是海龟自己的事件。我建议您尝试在海龟级别工作（尽管与您的实现相比，这会引入一个小故障，请参见下文。）

  • 您通过不关闭事件处理程序中的事件来引入意外递归。在那些需要大量时间的处理程序中禁用事件将清理您的图形。

这是我对上述代码的修改。一个小故障是，与您原来的不同，“将海龟移动到此处”和“开始拖动”将需要两次单击，一次屏幕单击将海龟移动到当前位置，单击一次海龟开始拖动。这是由于 turtle 为 tkinter 事件提供的接口不同。（Python 3 在这方面要好一些，但不适用于这种情况。）

为了缓解这种情况，我使用了更大的海龟光标。我还添加了标题逻辑：

from turtle import Turtle, Screen, mainloop

WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 300

def gothere(x, y):
    screen.onscreenclick(gothere)  # disable events inside handler

    turtle.penup()
    print("gothere (%d,%d)" % (x, y))
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.pendown()

    screen.onscreenclick(gothere)

def movearound(x, y):
    turtle.ondrag(None)  # disable events inside handler

    turtle.setheading(turtle.towards(x, y))
    print("movearound (%d,%d)" % (x, y))
    turtle.goto(x, y)

    turtle.ondrag(movearound)

def release(x, y):
    print("release (%d,%d)" % (x, y))
    turtle.penup()

def reset():
    print("reset")
    turtle.clear()

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
# screen.setworldcoordinates(0, HEIGHT, WIDTH, 0)  # should work fine either way

turtle = Turtle('turtle')
turtle.speed('fastest')

turtle.ondrag(movearound)
turtle.onrelease(release)

screen.onscreenclick(gothere)
screen.onkey(reset, "Escape")

screen.listen()

mainloop()  # normally screen.mainloop() but not in Python 2

但也请参阅这个答案，我在其中展示了如何使 tkinter 的onmove事件对海龟可用。

...“移动到这里”然后“开始拖动”限制对用户来说非常不舒服？我们该如何改进呢？

将我上面的代码与我链接到的替代答案结合起来，我们得到的解决方案与您开始的地方相似，但没有小故障，而且风格更像乌龟：

from turtle import Turtle, Screen, mainloop
from functools import partial

WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 300

VERBOSE = False

def onscreenmove(self, fun, btn=1, add=None):  # method missing from turtle.py

    if fun is None:
        self.cv.unbind('<Button%s-Motion>' % btn)
    else:
        def eventfun(event):
            fun(self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale, -self.cv.canvasy(event.y) / self.yscale)

        self.cv.bind('<Button%s-Motion>' % btn, eventfun, add)

def onscreenrelease(self, fun, btn=1, add=None):  # method missing from turtle.py

    if fun is None:
        self.cv.unbind("<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % btn)
    else:
        def eventfun(event):
            fun(self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale, -self.cv.canvasy(event.y) / self.yscale)

        self.cv.bind("<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % btn, eventfun, add)

def gothere(x, y):

    if VERBOSE:
        print("gothere (%d,%d)" % (x, y))

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.pendown()

def movearound(x, y):

    screen.onscreenmove(None)  # disable events inside handler

    if VERBOSE:
        print("movearound (%d,%d)" % (x, y))


    turtle.setheading(turtle.towards(x, y))
    turtle.goto(x, y)

    screen.onscreenmove(movearound)  # reenable events

def release(x, y):

    if VERBOSE:
        print("release (%d,%d)" % (x, y))

    turtle.penup()

def reset():

    if VERBOSE:
        print("reset")

    turtle.clear()

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
screen.onscreenrelease = partial(onscreenrelease, screen)  # install missing methods
screen.onscreenmove = partial(onscreenmove, screen)

turtle = Turtle('turtle')
turtle.speed('fastest')

screen.onscreenclick(gothere)
screen.onscreenrelease(release)
screen.onscreenmove(movearound)

screen.onkey(reset, "Escape")
screen.listen()

mainloop()  # normally screen.mainloop() but not in Python 2

推荐阅读