rust - 为什么在将 tokio_io 的 read_exact 与 Rc 一起使用时会出现“溢出评估要求‘Sized’”?

Question

已经发布了很多类似的错误：

• “溢出评估需求”，但这种递归根本不应该发生
• “溢出评估需求”是什么意思，我该如何解决？

我的情况要简单得多，看起来很无辜：

extern crate tokio_core;
extern crate tokio_io;

use std::{borrow::Borrow, rc::Rc};
use tokio_core::net::TcpStream;
use tokio_io::io::read_exact;

fn read_one(conn: Rc<TcpStream>) {
    read_exact(conn.borrow(), [0u8]);
}

它给出了这个错误：

error[E0275]: overflow evaluating the requirement `_: std::marker::Sized`
 --> src/main.rs:9:5
  |
9 |     read_exact(conn.borrow(), [0u8]);
  |     ^^^^^^^^^^
  |
  = help: consider adding a `#![recursion_limit="128"]` attribute to your crate
  = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::io::Read` for `&tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<_>`
  = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::io::Read` for `&tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<_>>`
  = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::io::Read` for `&tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<_>>>`
[... snip ...]
  = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::io::Read` for `&tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>`
  = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `tokio_io::AsyncRead` for `&tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<tokio_core::reactor::poll_evented2::PollEvented<_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>`
  = note: required by `tokio_io::io::read_exact`

到底是怎么回事？

我知道以下工作，它比上述更简单：

read_exact(&*conn, [0u8]);

我相信conn.borrow应该也可以，我只是不明白为什么我们会出现这个错误。

标签： rust

Answer 1

&*conn和之间的区别在于conn.borrow()一个类型可能有多个 Borrow impls。

use std::borrow::Borrow;

fn main() {
    let input = vec![1, 2, 3];

    let _slice:   &[u8]    = input.borrow(); // ok
    let _vec_ref: &Vec<u8> = input.borrow(); // also ok 

    let _slice:   &[u8]    = &*input; // ok
//  let _vec_ref: &Vec<u8> = &*input; // error!
}

该&*conn表达式使用Dereftrait，其中每种类型只能有一个Deref实现。但是，一个类型对于不同的 s可以有多个Borrow<X>实现。X

当你写

read_exact(conn.borrow(), [0u8]);

编译器需要解决以下义务：

1. Rc<TcpStream>: Borrow<X1>由于使用borrow()
2. &X1: AsyncRead由于read_exact

请注意，这X1是一个未知类型。编译器将需要找出所有潜在X1的 s 并查看是否有人可以同时承担这两项义务。义务 2 以某种方式首先得到了评估，最终得到了这些候选人：

1. impl<X2> AsyncRead for &PollEvented<X2> where &X2: Read
2. impl AsyncRead for &TcpStream
3. impl AsyncRead for &[u8]可能还有更不重要的候选人......

再次，不知何故，候选人 1 在候选人 2 之前被选中。这导致在候选人 1 被选中后，会产生以下一组新的义务：

1. Rc<TcpStream>: Borrow<PollEvented<X2>>
2. &PollEvented<X2>: AsyncRead 解决了！
3. &X2: Read

然后导致impl<X3> Read for &PollEvented<X3> where &X3: Read被选中，从这一点开始，求解器陷入无限循环并最终放弃。

关于编译器如何求解这些方程的详细信息可以在Rust 编译器指南中找到。

好消息是特征系统正在被修改以使用标准逻辑推理技术（如 Prolog），这允许正确推断 OP 的程序。

但是，在实现新的 trait 引擎之前，如果你必须使用，你可以通过告诉编译器应该是borrow什么来帮助编译器：X1

read_exact::<&TcpStream, _>(conn.borrow(), [u8]);
//           ^~~~~~~~~~ forces &X1 = &TcpStream

---

如果您有兴趣，以下粉笔程序证明新求解器可以对 OP 的示例进行类型检查

trait Borrow<T> {}
trait AsyncRead {}
trait Read {}

struct Ref<T> {} // meaning &T

struct Rc<T> {}
impl<T> Borrow<T> for Rc<T> {}

struct TcpStream {}
impl Read for TcpStream {}
impl AsyncRead for TcpStream {}
impl Read for Ref<TcpStream> {}
impl AsyncRead for Ref<TcpStream> {}

struct PollEvented<E> {}
impl<E> AsyncRead for Ref<PollEvented<E>> where Ref<E>: Read {}
impl<E> Read for Ref<PollEvented<E>> where Ref<E>: Read {}

// Verify:
// 
// ?- exists<X> { Ref<X>: AsyncRead, Rc<TcpStream>: Borrow<X> }
// Unique; substitution [?0 := TcpStream], lifetime constraints []