首页 > 解决方案 > 如何在线程之间共享包含幻像指针的结构?

问题描述

我有一个需要对类型通用的结构,但该类型实际上并未包含在结构中:它用于此结构的方法中,而不是结构本身。因此,该结构包括一个PhantomData成员:

pub struct Map<T> {
    filename: String,
    phantom: PhantomData<*const T>,
}

幻像成员被定义为指针,因为该结构实际​​上并不拥有 type 的数据T。这是根据文档中的std::marker::PhantomData建议:

添加类型字段PhantomData<T>表示您的类型拥有类型数据T。这反过来意味着当你的类型被删除时,它可能会删除一个或多个 type 实例T。这与 Rust 编译器的 drop check 分析有关。

如果您的结构实际上不拥有 type 的数据,T最好使用引用类型,例如PhantomData<&'a T>(理想情况下)或PhantomData<*const T>(如果没有生命周期适用),以免表明所有权。

所以这里的指针似乎是正确的选择。然而,这会导致结构不再是Sendnor Sync,因为PhantomDatais onlySend并且Sync如果它的类型参数是,并且由于指针既不是,整个事情也不是。所以,像这样的代码

// Given a master_map of type Arc<Map<Region>> ...
let map = Arc::clone(&master_map);

thread::spawn(move || {
    map.do_stuff();
});

即使没有Region移动任何值甚至指针也无法编译:

error[E0277]: the trait bound `*const Region: std::marker::Send` is not satisfied in `Map<Region>`
  --> src/main.rs:57:9
   |
57 |         thread::spawn(move || {
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `*const Region` cannot be sent between threads safely
   |
   = help: within `Map<Region>`, the trait `std::marker::Send` is not implemented for `*const Region`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `std::marker::PhantomData<*const Region>`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `Map<Region>`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::marker::Send` for `std::sync::Arc<Map<Region>>`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `[closure@src/main.rs:57:23: 60:10 map:std::sync::Arc<Map<Region>>]`
   = note: required by `std::thread::spawn`

error[E0277]: the trait bound `*const Region: std::marker::Sync` is not satisfied in `Map<Region>`
  --> src/main.rs:57:9
   |
57 |         thread::spawn(move || {
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `*const Region` cannot be shared between threads safely
   |
   = help: within `Map<Region>`, the trait `std::marker::Sync` is not implemented for `*const Region`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `std::marker::PhantomData<*const Region>`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `Map<Region>`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::marker::Send` for `std::sync::Arc<Map<Region>>`
   = note: required because it appears within the type `[closure@src/main.rs:57:23: 60:10 map:std::sync::Arc<Map<Region>>]`
   = note: required by `std::thread::spawn`

这是在操场上展示此问题的完整测试用例

use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::thread;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Region {
    width: usize,
    height: usize,
    // ... more stuff that would be read from a file
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Map<T> {
    filename: String,
    phantom: PhantomData<*const T>,
}

// General Map methods
impl<T> Map<T>
where
    T: Debug,
{
    pub fn new<S>(filename: S) -> Self
    where
        S: Into<String>,
    {
        Map {
            filename: filename.into(),
            phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    pub fn do_stuff(&self) {
        println!("doing stuff {:?}", self);
    }
}

// Methods specific to Map<Region>
impl Map<Region> {
    pub fn get_region(&self) -> Region {
        Region {
            width: 10,
            height: 20,
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
    let master_map = Arc::new(Map::<Region>::new("mapfile"));
    master_map.do_stuff();
    let region = master_map.get_region();
    println!("{:?}", region);

    let join_handle = {
        let map = Arc::clone(&master_map);
        thread::spawn(move || {
            println!("In subthread...");
            map.do_stuff();
        })
    };

    join_handle.join().unwrap();
}

处理这个问题的最佳方法是什么?这是我尝试过的:

将幻象场定义为PhantomData<T>一个合适的值而不是一个指针。这可行,但我对此持谨慎态度,因为根据上面引用的文档,我不知道它对 Rust 编译器的“drop check analysis”有什么影响(如果有的话)。

将幻象场定义为PhantomData<&'a T>一个参考。这应该可行,但它强制结构采用不需要的生命周期参数,该参数通过我的代码传播。我宁愿不这样做。

强制结构实现SendSync这就是我目前正在做的事情:

unsafe impl<T> Sync for Map<T> {}
unsafe impl<T> Send for Map<T> {}

它似乎有效,但那些unsafe impls 很丑,让我紧张。

澄清T用途:没关系,真的。它甚至可能不被使用,只是作为类型系统的标记提供。例如,只需要它Map<T>具有类型参数,因此impl可以提供不同的块:

impl<T> struct Map<T> {
    // common methods of all Maps
}

impl struct Map<Region> {
    // additional methods available when T is Region
}

impl struct Map<Whatever> {
    // additional methods available when T is Whatever, etc.
}

标签: genericsrustthread-safetyphantom-types

解决方案


还有另一种选择:PhantomData<fn() -> T>. 与andfn() -> T具有相同的方差,但与 不同的是,它同时实现了and 。它还清楚地表明您的结构只生成. (如果某些方法作为输入,那么可能更合适)。T*const T*const TSendSyncTTPhantomData<fn(T) -> T>

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Map<T> {
    filename: String,
    phantom: PhantomData<fn() -> T>,
}

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