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python - cx_Freeze：主脚本中的 Python 错误 - ImportError：DLL 加载失败

问题描述

我正在构建一个小的 Python 3.6.5 工具，它接收一个 XML 文档并输出它的所有 XPath。它运作良好，但是我需要以 EXE 形式分发它。我在Win10上运行，只需要提供给Win10用户即可。

我的主要代码是；

from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import *
from pathlib import Path
import winsound
from lxml import etree
import csv

root = Tk()

root.geometry("250x200")
root.resizable(0, 0)


class gui:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        master.title("XGen")

        self.welcome = Label(master, text="Welcome to")
        self.welcome.config(font=("Arial", 10))
        self.welcome.pack()

        self.header = Label(master, text="The XPath Generator")
        self.header.config(font=("Arial", 16))
        self.header.pack()

        self.description = Label(master, text="This Tool Takes in an XML Document\nand Provides all its XPaths")
        self.description.config(font=("Arial", 10))
        self.description.pack()

        self.greet_button = Button(master, text="Select Input XML", command=self.greet)
        self.greet_button.pack()

        self.reportFilename = Label(master, text="")
        self.reportFilename.pack()

        self.reportProgress = Label(master, text="")
        self.reportProgress.pack()

        # self.close_button = Button(master, text="Close", command=master.quit)
        # self.close_button.pack()

    def greet(self):
        print("File Selection Started")

        from_file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir="/",
                                                    title="Select file",
                                                    filetypes=(("XML Files", "*.xml"), ("all files", "*.*")))

        from_file_path_split = Path(from_file_path).parts
        to_file_path = ''

        if from_file_path is '':
            self.reportFilename.config(text="You Did not Select a File")
            print("No File Selected. File Selection Ended")

        else:
            self.reportFilename.config(text="You Selected " + from_file_path_split[-1])
            print("From File Path = " + from_file_path)
            print("File Name = " + from_file_path_split[-1])
            to_file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialdir=from_file_path,
                                                        title="Save As",
                                                        filetypes=(("CSV Files", "*.csv"), ("all files", "*.*")))

        if to_file_path is '' or to_file_path == 'Null':
            self.reportProgress.config(text="Please select a Save Location")
        # elif to_file_split[-1][:4] == "xsd":
        else:
            to_file_split = Path(to_file_path).parts
            to_file_name = to_file_split[-1]
            print("Filename = " + to_file_name)

            to_file_extension = to_file_split[-1][-4:]
            print("Last 4 chars = " + to_file_extension)

            if to_file_extension == ".csv":
                pass
            else:
                to_file_path = to_file_path + ".csv"
                # to_file_name = to_file_path
                print("To File Path = " + to_file_path)

            if from_file_path == '' or to_file_path == '' or to_file_path == 'Null':

                self.reportProgress.config(text="Please Select a Valid XML File")
                winsound.PlaySound("SystemExclamation", winsound.SND_ALIAS)
                print("Bad File, Try Again")

            else:
                out(from_file_path, to_file_path)

                self.reportProgress.config(text="Generated " + Path(to_file_path).parts[-1])
                print("XGen Complete")


def out(in_path, out_path):
    with open(in_path, 'r') as source_file:
        xml = source_file.read()

    root = etree.fromstring(xml)

    tree = etree.ElementTree(root)

    line = ['XPath', 'Attribute Name', 'Current Data']

    if out_path is None:
        return 1
    else:
        pass

    with open(out_path, 'w', newline='') as csv_file:
        csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_file, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)
        csv_writer.writerow(line)
        for e in root.iter():
            path = tree.getpath(e)
            list_of_attributes = []
            nodes = root.xpath(path)
            for node in nodes:
                attrs = []
                for att in node.attrib:
                    attrs.append(("@" + att, node.attrib[att]))
                list_of_attributes.append(attrs)
                for attributes in list_of_attributes:
                    line = [path, None]
                    csv_writer.writerow(line)
                    if len(attributes) == 0:
                        pass
                    else:
                        for x in range(len(attributes)):
                            xpath = path + attributes[x][0]
                            current_data = (attributes[x][1])
                            attribute_name = attributes[x][0]
                            line = [xpath, attribute_name, current_data]
                            csv_writer.writerow(line)


my_gui = gui(root)
root.mainloop()

（请原谅凌乱的代码！我打算为下一个版本清理它！）

setup.py包含以下内容；

import sys
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

base = None
if sys.platform == 'win32':
    base = 'Win32GUI'

executables = [
    Executable('xin.py', base=base)
]

setup(name='XGen',
      version='0.1',
      description='XGen',
      executables=executables
      )

这确实允许程序构建一个 EXE，但是当该 EXE 运行时，它会返回此错误。

cx_Freeze：主脚本中的 Python 错误

我一直在到处寻找解决方案。

正如错误文本所建议的那样，我还尝试检查 tkinter 是否已正确安装。这个程序不仅可以通过 Python 运行，IDLE 也让我import tkinter.

什么可能导致 cx_Freeze 抛出此错误？

谢谢！

标签： pythonpython-3.xcx-freeze

解决方案

TK DLL的位置需要添加到setup.py. 在 Windows 10 上，这可能位于 C: 或C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32/DLLs. 添加一个变量来存储该路径，然后使其成为带有前导的原始字符串r。

import os
import sys
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable


PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')


base = None
if sys.platform == 'win32':
    base = 'Win32GUI'

syspath = r"C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32/DLLs"

buildOptions = dict(
    packages=[],
    excludes=[],
    include_files=[syspath + '/tcl86t.dll', syspath + '/tk86t.dll']
)

executables = [
    Executable('xin.py', base=base)
]

setup(name='XGen',
      version='0.1',
      options=dict(build_exe=buildOptions),
      description='XGen',
      executables=executables
      )

非常感谢 MrLeeh 和 DeePak M. Birajdar！

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