networking - 使用 python3 套接字连接到 Web 服务器
问题描述
我正在运行 Python3，在本地主机上运行 Django 并收听http://127.0.0.1:8000/
我想通过不同的方式来测试它，比如request和socket
import requests
res = requests.request("GET", "http://127.0.0.1:8000/")
txt = res.content
print(res)
res.close()
# <Response [200]>
它运行良好，并且
在我正在运行的 Django 控制台上，它显示[07/Jul/2018 16:04:26] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 6744
现在requests改为socket
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
msg = b'GET / HTTP/1.1'
s.send(msg)
print(s)
s.close()
# <socket.socket fd=1324, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 55312), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 8000)>
我的程序中没有显示错误
但是我在运行的 Django 控制台上遇到了以下异常
Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'tony.jhou-1.xxservice.com:8000'. You may need to add 'tony.jhou-1.xxservice.com:8000' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.
[07/Jul/2018 16:08:10] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 400 63266
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run
self.finish_response()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
self.write(data)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 274, in write
self.send_headers()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 332, in send_headers
self.send_preamble()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 255, in send_preamble
('Date: %s\r\n' % format_date_time(time.time())).encode('iso-8859-1')
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 453, in _write
result = self.stdout.write(data)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\socketserver.py", line 775, in write
self._sock.sendall(b)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socket3.py", line 459, in sendall
return _socketcommon._sendall(self, data_memory, flags)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socketcommon.py", line 358, in _sendall
timeleft = __send_chunk(socket, chunk, flags, timeleft, end)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socketcommon.py", line 287, in __send_chunk
data_sent += socket.send(chunk, flags)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socket3.py", line 440, in send
return _socket.socket.send(self._sock, data, flags)
ConnectionAbortedError: [WinError 10053] 連線已被您主機上的軟體中止。
[07/Jul/2018 16:08:10] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 59
----------------------------------------
Exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', 54587)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 138, in run
self.finish_response()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
self.write(data)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 274, in write
self.send_headers()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 332, in send_headers
self.send_preamble()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 255, in send_preamble
('Date: %s\r\n' % format_date_time(time.time())).encode('iso-8859-1')
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 453, in _write
result = self.stdout.write(data)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\socketserver.py", line 775, in write
self._sock.sendall(b)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socket3.py", line 459, in sendall
return _socketcommon._sendall(self, data_memory, flags)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socketcommon.py", line 358, in _sendall
timeleft = __send_chunk(socket, chunk, flags, timeleft, end)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socketcommon.py", line 287, in __send_chunk
data_sent += socket.send(chunk, flags)
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\gevent\_socket3.py", line 440, in send
return _socket.socket.send(self._sock, data, flags)
ConnectionAbortedError: [WinError 10053] 連線已被您主機上的軟體中止。
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 141, in run
self.handle_error()
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 88, in handle_error
super(ServerHandler, self).handle_error()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 368, in handle_error
self.finish_response()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
self.write(data)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 274, in write
self.send_headers()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 331, in send_headers
if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern():
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 344, in client_is_modern
return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9'
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\socketserver.py", line 639, in process_request_thread
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\socketserver.py", line 361, in finish_request
self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\socketserver.py", line 696, in __init__
self.handle()
File "D:\emc\ve\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 155, in handle
handler.run(self.server.get_app())
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 144, in run
self.close()
File "C:\Users\tony.jhou\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 35, in close
self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'
我是套接字编程的新手，刚开始学习网络，我想也许我应该发送更多请求头。请告诉我该怎么做，谢谢。
解决方案
是的，您需要发送更多数据。最小的 HTTP 1.1 请求需要第二行，其中包含一个标头，该Host标头指定应处理请求的主机的名称或地址，并且请求标头行后面必须有一个空行，以告知服务器标头已被完全接收.
在 HTTP 中，行尾由一对字符、回车符和换行符指示。在 Python 中，字符串\r表示回车并\n表示换行。（换行符有时也称为换行符，因此也称为\n代码。）这意味着您必须编写\r\n以标记请求中每一行的结尾。
所以，你需要的是：
msg = b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1\r\n\r\n'
最后\r\n产生指示标题结束的空行。
在您进行更改后，您的服务器可能会报告不同的错误，因为您的客户端程序会立即关闭其套接字。这会破坏客户端和服务器之间的连接。当服务器试图发送它的响应时，它会发现连接已经断开，它可能会抱怨。为避免这种情况，请将您的客户端更改为s.recv用于等待并在完成后读取来自服务器的响应s.send()。就像是：
while True:
resp = s.recv(8000)
if resp:
print resp
else:
break
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