python - 自定义 Django 用户模型

Question

我只是尝试创建自己的自定义 Django 用户模型，但如果我尝试通过前端创建新用户，它会失败：

请求方法：POST 请求 URL： http: //127.0.0.1 :8000/signup/ Django 版本：2.1b1 异常类型：AttributeError 异常值：'Manager' 对象没有属性 'get_by_natural_key'

首先我创建了一个新的 Django 应用程序"accounts" ，然后我将以下内容添加到帐户应用程序的 models.py 中：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
    BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
) 

#User Model Manager
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, username, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given username and password.
        """
        if not username:
            raise ValueError('Error: The User you want to create must have an username, try again')

        user = self.model(
            user=self.normalize_username(username),
        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_staffuser(self, username, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a staff user with the given username and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            username,
            password=password,
        )
        user.staff = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, username, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given username and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            username,
            password=password,
        )
        user.staff = True
        user.admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    user = models.CharField(
        verbose_name='username',
        max_length=30,
        unique=True,
    )
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
    admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
    # notice the absence of a "Password field", that's built in.

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'user'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Username & Password are required by default.

    def get_full_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their Username address
        return self.user

    def get_short_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their Username address
        return self.user
    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.user

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        """Does the user have a specific permission?"""
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        """Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"""
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        """Is the user a member of staff?"""
        return self.staff

    @property
    def is_admin(self):
        """Is the user a admin member?"""
        return self.admin

    @property
    def is_active(self):
        """Is the user active?"""
        return self.active

我的实际博客应用程序的model.py：

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from smartfields import fields
from smartfields.dependencies import FileDependency
from smartfields.processors import ImageProcessor

# Categorys of Post Model

class Category(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="Title")
    description = models.TextField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True)
    cover = fields.ImageField(upload_to='categorycovers/', blank=True, null=True, dependencies=[
        FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
            format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 350, 'max_height': 350}))
    ])
    icon = fields.ImageField(upload_to='categoryicons/', blank=True, null=True, dependencies=[
        FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
            format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 16, 'max_height': 16}))
    ])

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "Category"
        verbose_name_plural = "Categories"
        ordering = ['title']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

#Post Model
class Post(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey('accounts.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=75)
    content = models.TextField(max_length=10000)
    tag = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name="Category", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    postattachment = fields.FileField(upload_to='postattachment/%Y/%m/%d/', blank=True ,null=True)
    postcover = fields.ImageField(upload_to='postcover/%Y/%m/%d/', null=True, dependencies=[
        FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
            format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 200, 'max_height': 200}))
    ])
    created_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    published_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)

    def publish(self):
        self.published_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    class Meta:
        ordering = ["-title"]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

#Comment(s) of Post Model
class Comment(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey('accounts.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    post=models.ForeignKey(Post, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.TextField()
    created_date = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
    published_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)

    def publish(self):
        self.published_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

之后我跳回 settings.py 并将自定义用户模型添加到我的实际博客应用程序中：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'

我还添加了

INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
    'accounts',
...   
]

我不希望我的用户有任何电子邮件地址。我只是希望他们通过用户名进行身份验证...

有什么提示吗？谢谢 ：）

标签： pythondjangoauthenticationmodelcustomization

Answer 1

DjangoAbstractBaseUser类没有字段username

在您的声明中，您声明了一个用户名字段并将其命名user

但是USERNAME_FIELD是username

像这样改变你的模型

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    user = models.CharField(
        verbose_name='username',
        max_length=30,
        unique=True,
    )
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
    admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'user'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Username & Password are required by default.

    ...

您也可以将用户模型中的用户字段重命名为用户名并解决问题。