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amazon-web-services - 无法创建 AWS CloudFormation“入门”示例堆栈

问题描述

我正在尝试学习 CloudFormation 并遵循“入门”教程。但由于某种原因，我无法真正完成使用AWS 账户中提供的模板创建此示例堆栈的任务。

在此处输入图像描述

在测试过程中，我首先收到错误“ No subnets found for the default VPC 'vpc-4f2acc28'. Please specify a subnet. ”，并通过修改示例模板在“WebServer”下的“Properties”中添加“SubnetId”解决了这个问题“资源”部分。然后我收到错误“参数 groupName 不能与参数子网一起使用”并通过使用“SecurityGroupIds”而不是“SecurityGroups”来解决它。

最后，我收到错误“无法在指定的持续时间内接收 1 个资源信号”。由于此错误消息没有提供太多信息，因此我无法真正弄清楚如何解决它。

这只是基本教程，我想很多人都经历过。有谁知道是什么问题？

这是我正在使用的模板（只是我上面提到的对原始示例模板所做的小改动）：

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",

  "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template WordPress_Single_Instance: WordPress is web software you can use to create a beautiful website or blog. This template installs WordPress with a local MySQL database for storage. It demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to deploy WordPress. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",

  "Parameters" : {

    "KeyName": {
      "Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instances",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must be the name of an existing EC2 KeyPair."
    },

    "InstanceType" : {
      "Description" : "WebServer EC2 instance type",
      "Type" : "String",
      "Default" : "t2.small",
      "AllowedValues" : [ "t1.micro", "t2.nano", "t2.micro", "t2.small", "t2.medium", "t2.large", "m1.small", "m1.medium", "m1.large", "m1.xlarge", "m2.xlarge", "m2.2xlarge", "m2.4xlarge", "m3.medium", "m3.large", "m3.xlarge", "m3.2xlarge", "m4.large", "m4.xlarge", "m4.2xlarge", "m4.4xlarge", "m4.10xlarge", "c1.medium", "c1.xlarge", "c3.large", "c3.xlarge", "c3.2xlarge", "c3.4xlarge", "c3.8xlarge", "c4.large", "c4.xlarge", "c4.2xlarge", "c4.4xlarge", "c4.8xlarge", "g2.2xlarge", "g2.8xlarge", "r3.large", "r3.xlarge", "r3.2xlarge", "r3.4xlarge", "r3.8xlarge", "i2.xlarge", "i2.2xlarge", "i2.4xlarge", "i2.8xlarge", "d2.xlarge", "d2.2xlarge", "d2.4xlarge", "d2.8xlarge", "hi1.4xlarge", "hs1.8xlarge", "cr1.8xlarge", "cc2.8xlarge", "cg1.4xlarge"]
,
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
    },

    "SSHLocation": {
      "Description": "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "9",
      "MaxLength": "18",
      "Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
      "AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
      "ConstraintDescription": "must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
    },

    "DBName" : {
      "Default": "wordpressdb",
      "Description" : "The WordPress database name",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "64",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters."
    },

    "DBUser" : {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "The WordPress database admin account username",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "1",
      "MaxLength": "16",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters."
    },

    "DBPassword" : {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "The WordPress database admin account password",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must contain only alphanumeric characters."
    },

    "DBRootPassword" : {
      "NoEcho": "true",
      "Description" : "MySQL root password",
      "Type": "String",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription" : "must contain only alphanumeric characters."
    }
  },

  "Mappings" : {
    "AWSInstanceType2Arch" : {
      "t1.micro"    : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "t2.nano"     : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.micro"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.small"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "t2.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m1.small"    : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m1.large"    : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "m3.medium"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "c1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "PV64"   },
      "c3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "c4.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "g2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "g2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVMG2"  },
      "r3.large"    : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "r3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "i2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "d2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  },
      "cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64"  }
    },

    "AWSInstanceType2NATArch" : {
      "t1.micro"    : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "t2.nano"     : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "t2.micro"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "t2.small"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "t2.medium"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "t2.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m1.small"    : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m1.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "m3.medium"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m3.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m4.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c1.medium"   : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "c1.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATPV64"   },
      "c3.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c4.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c4.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c4.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c4.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "c4.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "g2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVMG2"  },
      "g2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVMG2"  },
      "r3.large"    : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "r3.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "r3.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "r3.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "r3.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "i2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "i2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "i2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "i2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "d2.xlarge"   : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "d2.2xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "d2.4xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "d2.8xlarge"  : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  },
      "cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64"  }
    }
,
    "AWSRegionArch2AMI" : {
      "us-east-1"        : {"PV64" : "ami-2a69aa47", "HVM64" : "ami-97785bed", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a6e3770"},
      "us-west-2"        : {"PV64" : "ami-7f77b31f", "HVM64" : "ami-f2d3638a", "HVMG2" : "ami-ee15a196"},
      "us-west-1"        : {"PV64" : "ami-a2490dc2", "HVM64" : "ami-824c4ee2", "HVMG2" : "ami-0da4a46d"},
      "eu-west-1"        : {"PV64" : "ami-4cdd453f", "HVM64" : "ami-d834aba1", "HVMG2" : "ami-af8013d6"},
      "eu-west-2"        : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-403e2524", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-west-3"        : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-8ee056f3", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "eu-central-1"     : {"PV64" : "ami-6527cf0a", "HVM64" : "ami-5652ce39", "HVMG2" : "ami-1d58ca72"},
      "ap-northeast-1"   : {"PV64" : "ami-3e42b65f", "HVM64" : "ami-ceafcba8", "HVMG2" : "ami-edfd658b"},
      "ap-northeast-2"   : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-863090e8", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-northeast-3"   : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-83444afe", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ap-southeast-1"   : {"PV64" : "ami-df9e4cbc", "HVM64" : "ami-68097514", "HVMG2" : "ami-c06013bc"},
      "ap-southeast-2"   : {"PV64" : "ami-63351d00", "HVM64" : "ami-942dd1f6", "HVMG2" : "ami-85ef12e7"},
      "ap-south-1"       : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-531a4c3c", "HVMG2" : "ami-411e492e"},
      "us-east-2"        : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-f63b1193", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "ca-central-1"     : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-a954d1cd", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "sa-east-1"        : {"PV64" : "ami-1ad34676", "HVM64" : "ami-84175ae8", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-north-1"       : {"PV64" : "ami-77559f1a", "HVM64" : "ami-cb19c4a6", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
      "cn-northwest-1"   : {"PV64" : "ami-80707be2", "HVM64" : "ami-3e60745c", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"}
    }

  },

  "Resources" : {
    "WebServer": {
      "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Metadata" : {
        "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
          "configSets" : {
            "wordpress_install" : ["install_cfn", "install_wordpress", "configure_wordpress" ]
          },
          "install_cfn" : {
            "files": {
              "/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf": {
                "content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
                  "[main]\n",
                  "stack=", { "Ref": "AWS::StackId" }, "\n",
                  "region=", { "Ref": "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
                ]]},
                "mode"  : "000400",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              },
              "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf": {
                "content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
                  "[cfn-auto-reloader-hook]\n",
                  "triggers=post.update\n",
                  "path=Resources.WebServer.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init\n",
                  "action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                          "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                          "         --resource WebServer ",
                          "         --configsets wordpress_install ",
                          "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
                ]]},          
                "mode"  : "000400",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              }
            },
            "services" : {
              "sysvinit" : {
                "cfn-hup" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true",
                              "files" : ["/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf", "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf"] }
              }
            }
          },

          "install_wordpress" : {
            "packages" : {
              "yum" : {
                "php"          : [],
                "php-mysql"    : [],
                "mysql"        : [],
                "mysql-server" : [],
                "mysql-devel"  : [],
                "mysql-libs"   : [],
                "httpd"        : []
              }
            },
            "sources" : {
              "/var/www/html" : "http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz"
            },
            "files" : {
              "/tmp/setup.mysql" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                  "CREATE DATABASE ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ";\n",
                  "CREATE USER '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '", { "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "';\n",
                  "GRANT ALL ON ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ".* TO '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost';\n",
                  "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n"
                ]]},
                "mode"  : "000400",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              },

              "/tmp/create-wp-config" : {
                "content" : { "Fn::Join" : [ "", [
                  "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
                  "cp /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/'database_name_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBName" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/'username_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/'password_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n"
                ]]},
                "mode" : "000500",
                "owner" : "root",
                "group" : "root"
              }
            },
            "services" : {
              "sysvinit" : {
                "httpd"  : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
                "mysqld" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" }
              }
            }
          },

          "configure_wordpress" : {
            "commands" : {
              "01_set_mysql_root_password" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysqladmin -u root password '", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "'"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              },
              "02_create_database" : {
                "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysql -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' < /tmp/setup.mysql"]]},
                "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
              },
              "03_configure_wordpress" : {
                "command" : "/tmp/create-wp-config",
                "cwd" : "/var/www/html/wordpress"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "InstanceType"   : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SubnetId": "subnet-3c0e8a5a",
        "SecurityGroupIds" : ["sg-d04fe1a9"],
        "KeyName"        : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
        "UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                       "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
                       "yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",

                       "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                       "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                       "         --resource WebServer ",
                       "         --configsets wordpress_install ",
                       "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",

                       "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
                       "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                       "         --resource WebServer ",
                       "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
        ]]}}
      },
      "CreationPolicy" : {
        "ResourceSignal" : {
          "Timeout" : "PT15M"
        }
      }
    }
  },

  "Outputs" : {
    "WebsiteURL" : {
      "Value" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["http://", { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "WebServer", "PublicDnsName" ]}, "/wordpress" ]]},
      "Description" : "WordPress Website"
    }
  }
}

标签： amazon-web-servicesamazon-cloudformation

解决方案

您的 CloudFormation (CFN) 堆栈正在尝试创建一个 EC2 实例来运行您的 Wordpress，并且模板中有一个部分指示 CFN 堆栈在继续之前等待来自新创建的实例的信号。

“Failed to receive 1 resource signal(s) in the specified duration”表示您的实例未能在时限内发送信号。这可能是由于多种原因。

您可以复制/粘贴或链接到您正在使用的 CFN 模板吗？此外，复制/粘贴您的 CFN 堆栈的事件日志。它将提供一些关于正在发生的事情的额外信息。

更新：
简短回答：
您的实例很可能无法运行其所有启动脚本，这会阻止信号返回 CFN 堆栈。您需要通过 SSH 连接到您的实例并检查日志以了解发生了什么。

可以在亚马逊的故障排除文档中找到有关日志位置的说明。 https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/troubleshooting.html

长答案：
因此请查看 CFN 模板中的以下部分：

"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
                   "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
                   "yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",

                   "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                   "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                   "         --resource WebServer ",
                   "         --configsets wordpress_install ",
                   "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",

                   "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
                   "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                   "         --resource WebServer ",
                   "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]}}

本节是一个 bash 脚本，它在新创建的实例首次启动后运行。它执行以下操作：

  1. 安装/更新aws-cfn-bootstrap。这是 AWS 提供的客户端，允许您的实例与创建它的 CFN 模板进行交互。 

    "yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",

  2. 使用新安装的aws-cfn-bootstrap客户端，该实例查看 CFN 模板并执行wordpress_install配置集中定义的所有任务。 

    "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v "
"         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" }
"         --resource WebServer "
"         --configsets wordpress_install "
"         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"

    配置集在模板的前面定义。这里发生了很多事情，所以我无法解释这一切。您可以查看它并确定它在做什么。

    "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
  "configSets" : {
    "wordpress_install" : ["install_cfn", "install_wordpress", "configure_wordpress" ]
  },
  "install_cfn" : {
    "files": {
      "/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf": {
        "content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
          "[main]\n",
          "stack=", { "Ref": "AWS::StackId" }, "\n",
          "region=", { "Ref": "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
        ]]},
        "mode"  : "000400",
        "owner" : "root",
        "group" : "root"
      },
      "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf": {
        "content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
          "[cfn-auto-reloader-hook]\n",
          "triggers=post.update\n",
          "path=Resources.WebServer.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init\n",
          "action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                  "         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
                  "         --resource WebServer ",
                  "         --configsets wordpress_install ",
                  "         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
        ]]},          
        "mode"  : "000400",
        "owner" : "root",
        "group" : "root"
      }
    },
    "services" : {
      "sysvinit" : {
        "cfn-hup" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true",
                      "files" : ["/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf", "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf"] }
      }
    }
  },
  "install_wordpress" : {
    "packages" : {
      "yum" : {
        "php"          : [],
        "php-mysql"    : [],
        "mysql"        : [],
        "mysql-server" : [],
        "mysql-devel"  : [],
        "mysql-libs"   : [],
        "httpd"        : []
      }
    },
    "sources" : {
      "/var/www/html" : "http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz"
    },
    "files" : {
      "/tmp/setup.mysql" : {
        "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
          "CREATE DATABASE ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ";\n",
          "CREATE USER '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '", { "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "';\n",
          "GRANT ALL ON ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ".* TO '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost';\n",
          "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n"
        ]]},
        "mode"  : "000400",
        "owner" : "root",
        "group" : "root"
      },

      "/tmp/create-wp-config" : {
        "content" : { "Fn::Join" : [ "", [
          "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
          "cp /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php\n",
          "sed -i \"s/'database_name_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBName" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
          "sed -i \"s/'username_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
          "sed -i \"s/'password_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n"
        ]]},
        "mode" : "000500",
        "owner" : "root",
        "group" : "root"
      }
    },
    "services" : {
      "sysvinit" : {
        "httpd"  : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
        "mysqld" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" }
      }
    }
  },

  "configure_wordpress" : {
    "commands" : {
      "01_set_mysql_root_password" : {
        "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysqladmin -u root password '", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "'"]]},
        "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
      },
      "02_create_database" : {
        "command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysql -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' < /tmp/setup.mysql"]]},
        "test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
      },
      "03_configure_wordpress" : {
        "command" : "/tmp/create-wp-config",
        "cwd" : "/var/www/html/wordpress"
      }
    }
  }
}

  3. 最后，脚本向 CFN 堆栈发出信号，让它知道所有任务都已完成，然后 CFN 堆栈可以进入 UPDATE_COMPLETE 状态。 

    "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
"         --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
"         --resource WebServer ",
"         --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"

由于您的 CFN 堆栈在 15 分钟后未收到信号，因此您的实例在我上面列出的一系列任务中的某处失败。导致这种情况的原因可能很多，找出问题的最佳方法是通过 SSH 连接到实例并检查日志。AWS 文档解释了日志的位置，以及其他一些故障排除提示：https ://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/troubleshooting.html

最后，当您构建 CFN 堆栈时，请确保堆栈回滚已禁用，否则您的实例将在信号失败时自动终止，您将没有机会查看日志。

希望这可以帮助！祝你好运。

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