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python - 如何在不更改父类变量本身的情况下更改子类中父类中定义的变量？

问题描述

我正在尝试基于同一个父类创建两个子类，以便它们每个都有自己的父对象中定义的相同变量的版本。但是我意识到，在其中一个子类中更改这些变量将导致另一个子类中的版本也发生更改。我知道我可能没有完全理解继承的概念。请帮忙！

import random


class PlayerParent():
    id = 1

    # Cooperate: True; Betrayal: False
    opponent_moves_history = {}
    self_moves_history = {}

    def append_opponent_history(self, round_num, c_true, misunderstand=0.0):

        # randomly change the result based on probability given in misunderstand
        random_num = random.uniform(0, 1)
        if random_num <= misunderstand:
            c_true = not c_true
        self.opponent_moves_history[round_num] = c_true

    def append_self_history(self, round_num, c_true, misunderstand=0.0):
        # randomly change the result based on probability given in misunderstand
        random_num = random.uniform(0, 1)
        if random_num <= misunderstand:
            c_true = not c_true
        self.self_moves_history[round_num] = c_true

    score = int(0)

    def score_keeper(self, round_num):
        if (self.opponent_moves_history[round_num] == True) and (self.self_moves_history[round_num] == False):
            self.score += 7
        if (self.opponent_moves_history[round_num] == True) and (self.self_moves_history[round_num] == True):
            self.score += 5
        if (self.opponent_moves_history[round_num] == False) and (self.self_moves_history[round_num] == True):
            self.score += 1
        if (self.opponent_moves_history[round_num] == False) and (self.self_moves_history[round_num] == False):
            self.score += 2

    def get_score(self):
        return self.score


class TitForTat(PlayerParent):
    def rule(self, round_num):
        if len(self.opponent_moves_history) == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return self.opponent_moves_history[round_num - 1]


class Random(PlayerParent):
    def rule(self, round_num):
        random_num = random.uniform(0, 1)
        if random_num >= 0.5:
            return True
        else:
            return False


Random = Random()
Random.id = 1
TitForTat = TitForTat()
TitForTat.id = 2


def match(a, b):
    game_counter = 1
    # while game_counter <= 10:
        #a_result = a.rule(game_counter)
        # b_result = b.rule(game_counter)
        # print(a_result, b_result)

        # a.append_self_history(game_counter, a_result)
        # b.append_opponent_history(game_counter, a_result)

        # b.append_self_history(game_counter, b_result)
        # a.append_opponent_history(game_counter, b_result)

        # a.score_keeper(game_counter)
        # b.score_keeper(game_counter)

        # game_counter += 1
    # print(a.get_score(), b.get_score())
    a.self_moves_history[1] = True
    print(a.self_moves_history, '\n', b.self_moves_history)


match(Random, TitForTat)

即使没有对 b 类变量进行任何更改，生成的 a.self_moves_history 和 b.self_moves_history 也是相同的。

我注释掉了代码块只是为了测试哪里出了问题。

标签： pythonpython-3.xclass

解决方案

您正在创建opponent_moves_history一个类变量，因此自然对它的任何更改都是类范围的。

在您的情况下，您应该改为 make opponent_moves_history，以及self_moves_history和id实例变量，以便对它们所做的更改特定于实例。

class PlayerParent():
    def __init__(self):
        self.id = 1
        self.opponent_moves_history = {}
        self.self_moves_history = {}

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