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c# - How do I get output from a command to appear in a control on a Form in real-time?

问题描述

From various sources on the web, I have put together the following code for executing a command via CMD.exe and capturing output from STDOUT and STDERR.

public static class Exec
{
    public delegate void OutputHandler(String line);

    // <summary>
    /// Run a command in a subprocess
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">Directory from which to execute the command</param>
    /// <param name="cmd">Command to execute</param>
    /// <param name="args">Arguments for command</param>
    /// <param name="hndlr">Command output handler (null if none)</param>
    /// <param name="noshow">True if no windows is to be shown</param>
    /// <returns>Exit code from executed command</returns>
    public static int Run(String path, String cmd, String args,
                          OutputHandler hndlr = null, Boolean noshow = true)
    {
        // Assume an error
        int ret = 1;
        // Create a process
        using (var p = new Process())
        {
            // Run command using CMD.EXE
            // (this way we can pipe STDERR to STDOUT so they can get handled together)
            p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
            // Set working directory (if supplied)
            if (!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path)) p.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = path;
            // Indicate command and arguments
            p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c \"" + cmd + " " + args + "\" 2>&1";
            // Handle noshow argument
            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = noshow;
            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            // See if handler provided
            if (hndlr != null)
            {
                // Redirect STDOUT and STDERR
                p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
                p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
                // Use custom event handler to capture output
                using (var outputWaitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false))
                {
                    p.OutputDataReceived += (sender, e) =>
                    {
                        // See if there is any data
                        if (e.Data == null)
                        {
                            // Signal output processing complete
                            outputWaitHandle.Set();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Pass string to string handler
                            hndlr(e.Data);
                        }
                    };
                    // Start process
                    p.Start();
                    // Begin async read
                    p.BeginOutputReadLine();
                    // Wait for process to terminate
                    p.WaitForExit();
                    // Wait on output processing complete signal
                    outputWaitHandle.WaitOne();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Start process
                p.Start();
                // Wait for process to terminate
                p.WaitForExit();
            }
            // Get exit code
            ret = p.ExitCode;
        }
        // Return result
        return ret;
    }

    // <summary>
    /// Run a command in a subprocess and return output in a variable
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">Directory from which to execute the command</param>
    /// <param name="cmd">Command to execute</param>
    /// <param name="args">Arguments for command</param>
    /// <param name="outp">Variable to contain the output</param>
    /// <returns>Exit code from executed command</returns>
    public static GetOutputReturn GetOutput(String path, String cmd, String args)
    {
        GetOutputReturn ret = new GetOutputReturn();
        ret.ReturnCode = Run(path, cmd, args, (line) =>
                             {
                               ret.Output.AppendLine(line);
                             });
        return ret;
    }
}

public class GetOutputReturn
{
    public StringBuilder Output = new StringBuilder();
    public int ReturnCode = 1;
}

I am able to use this in a console app in three different manners as follows:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int ret;
    Console.WriteLine("Executing dir with no capture and no window");
    ret = Exec.Run(@"C:\", "dir", "");
    Console.WriteLine("Execute returned " + ret);
    Console.WriteLine("Press enter to continue ...");
    Console.ReadLine();
    Console.WriteLine("Executing dir with no capture and window");
    ret = Exec.Run(@"C:\", "dir", "", null, false);
    Console.WriteLine("Execute returned " + ret);
    Console.WriteLine("Press enter to continue ...");
    Console.ReadLine();
    Console.WriteLine("Executing dir with capture and no window");
    var results = Exec.GetOutput(@"C:\", "dir", "");
    Console.WriteLine(results.Output.ToString());
    Console.WriteLine("Execute returned " + results.ReturnCode);
    Console.ReadLine();
    Console.WriteLine("Executing dir with real-time capture and no window");
    ret = Exec.Run(@"C:\", "dir", "", ShowString);
    Console.WriteLine("Execute returned " + ret);
}

public delegate void StringData(String str);

static void ShowString(String str)
{
    Console.WriteLine(str);
}

public delegate void StringData(String str);

static void ShowString(String str)
{
    Console.WriteLine(str);
}

The first run does not gather any output and just shows the exit code.
The second run does not gather any output but shows the window.
The effect of this that the output appears in the console window real-time.
The third run uses GetOutput to gather the output.
The effect of this is that the output does not appear until the run is completed.
The last run uses a handler to receive and display the output real-time.
In appearance this looks like the second run but it is very different.
For each line of output that is received ShowString is called.
Show string simply displays the string.
However, it could do anything it needs with the data.

I am trying to adapt the last run such that I can update a text box with the output of the command in real time. The issue that I am having is how to get it in the right context (for lack of a better term). Because OutputHandler is called asynchronously, it has to use the InvokeRequired/BeginInvoke/EndInvoke mechanism to get in sync with the UI thread. I am having a little problem with how to do this with parameters. In my code the textBox could be one of several in a tab control as several background "Run"'s could be taking place.

So far I have this:

private void btnExecute_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Get currently selected tab page
    var page = tcExecControl.SelectedTab;
    // Get text box (always 3rd control on the page)
    var txt = (TextBox)page.Controls[2];
    // Create string handler
    var prc = new Exec.OutputHandler((String line) =>
                  {
                      if (txt.InvokeRequired)
                          txt.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(() =>
                                     { txt.Text += line; }));
                          else txt.Text += line;
                   });
    // Command and arguments are always 1st and 2nd controls on the page
    var result = Exec.Run(@"C:\", page.Controls[0].Text, page.Controls[1], prc);                              
}

But this does not seem to be working. I am not seeing any output to the txtBox.
In fact the program basically hangs in the handler.

If I change the code to use GetOutput and then write the resulting output to the text box everything works. So I know that I have the command set up properly. Using the debugger, I am able to set a break point on the "if (txt.InvokeRequired)" line and I see the first line of output coming correctly. At this point the code takes the true path of the if statement, but if I set a breakpoint on the txt.Text += line; line it never gets there.

Can anyone help me out? I'm sure I'm missing something.

标签： c#.netwinformsprocess

解决方案

本示例中代码执行的简要说明：

首先运行 shell 命令 ( cmd.exe)，使用start /WAIT作为参数。或多或少与以下功能相同/k：控制台在没有任何特定任务的情况下启动，等待发送命令时处理命令。

StandardOutput，StandardError并且StandardInput都被重定向，将ProcessStartInfo的RedirectStandardOutput、RedirectStandardError和RedirectStandardInput属性设置为。true

控制台输出流在写入时会引发OutputDataReceived事件；它的内容可以从DataReceivedEventArgse.Data的成员中读取。将使用它的ErrorDataReceived事件来达到同样的目的。 您可以为这两个事件使用一个事件处理程序，但是，经过一些测试，您可能会意识到这可能不是一个好主意。将它们分开可以避免一些奇怪的重叠，并可以轻松地将错误与正常输出区分开来（请注意，您可以找到写入错误流而不是输出流的程序）。
StandardError

StandardInput可以重定向将其分配给StreamWriter流。
每次将字符串写入流时，控制台都会将该输入解释为要执行的命令。

此外，进程被指示在终止时引发它的Exited事件，将其EnableRaisingEvents属性设置为true。当 Process 由于处理命令或调用.Close()方法（或最终调用.Kill()方法而关闭 Process 时引发
该事件，该方法仅应在 Process 由于某种原因不再响应时使用）。ExitedExit

由于我们需要将控制台输出传递给一些 UI 控件（RichTextBoxes在本例中）并且 Process 事件在 ThreadPool 线程中引发，因此我们必须将此上下文与 UI 同步。
这可以使用 Process SynchronizingObject属性、将其设置为父窗体或使用Control.BeginInvoke方法来完成，该方法将在控件句柄所属的线程上执行委托函数。
在这里，代表委托的MethodInvoker用于此目的。

用于实例化 Process 并设置其属性和事件处理程序的核心函数：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public partial class frmCmdInOut : Form
{
    Process cmdProcess = null;
    StreamWriter stdin = null;

    public frmCmdInOut() => InitializeComponent();

    private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        rtbStdIn.Multiline = false;
        rtbStdIn.SelectionIndent = 20;
    }

    private void btnStartProcess_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        btnStartProcess.Enabled = false;
        StartCmdProcess();
        btnEndProcess.Enabled = true;
    }

    private void btnEndProcess_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (stdin.BaseStream.CanWrite) {
            stdin.WriteLine("exit");
        }
        btnEndProcess.Enabled = false;
        btnStartProcess.Enabled = true;
        cmdProcess?.Close();
    }

    private void rtbStdIn_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.KeyChar == (char)Keys.Enter) {
            if (stdin == null) {
                rtbStdErr.AppendText("Process not started" + Environment.NewLine);
                return;
            }

            e.Handled = true;
            if (stdin.BaseStream.CanWrite) {
                stdin.Write(rtbStdIn.Text + Environment.NewLine);
                stdin.WriteLine();
                // To write to a Console app, just 
                // stdin.WriteLine(rtbStdIn.Text); 
            }
            rtbStdIn.Clear();
        }
    }

    private void StartCmdProcess()
    {
        var pStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo {
             FileName = "cmd.exe",
            // Batch File Arguments = "/C START /b /WAIT somebatch.bat",
            // Test: Arguments = "START /WAIT /K ipconfig /all",
            Arguments = "START /WAIT",
            WorkingDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory,
            // WorkingDirectory = Application.StartupPath,
            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
            RedirectStandardError = true,
            RedirectStandardInput = true,
            UseShellExecute = false,
            CreateNoWindow = true,
            WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
        };

        cmdProcess = new Process {
            StartInfo = pStartInfo,
            EnableRaisingEvents = true,
            // Test without and with this
            // When SynchronizingObject is set, no need to BeginInvoke()
            //SynchronizingObject = this
        };

        cmdProcess.Start();
        cmdProcess.BeginErrorReadLine();
        cmdProcess.BeginOutputReadLine();
        stdin = cmdProcess.StandardInput;
        // stdin.AutoFlush = true;  <- already true

        cmdProcess.OutputDataReceived += (s, evt) => {
            if (evt.Data != null)
            {
                BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(() => {
                    rtbStdOut.AppendText(evt.Data + Environment.NewLine);
                    rtbStdOut.ScrollToCaret();
                }));
            }
        };

        cmdProcess.ErrorDataReceived += (s, evt) => {
            if (evt.Data != null) {
                BeginInvoke(new Action(() => {
                    rtbStdErr.AppendText(evt.Data + Environment.NewLine);
                    rtbStdErr.ScrollToCaret();
                }));
            }
        };

        cmdProcess.Exited += (s, evt) => {
            stdin?.Dispose();
            cmdProcess?.Dispose();
        };
    }
}

由于 StandardInput 已被重定向到 StreamWriter：

stdin = cmdProcess.StandardInput;

我们只需写入 Stream 以执行命令：

stdin.WriteLine(["Command Text"]);

示例表格可以从 PasteBin 下载。

实时控制台重定向

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