首页 > 解决方案 > For 循环检查表是否存在,如果不存在则在继续执行脚本之前创建它

问题描述

我正在尝试编写一个 for 循环来检查我的 postgres 表是否已经存在,如果它不存在,则在继续脚本的其余部分之前创建它。如果它确实存在,则不必费心创建它,而是继续脚本(将文件写入数据库)。

在某处,我的 for 循环中的某些内容不正确。有人有想法吗?

"""A tool for saving files to and from a postgresql db.
"""
import os
import sys
import argparse
import psycopg2

db_conn_str = "postgresql://word:word@111.11.111.1:5432/DBNAME"
create_table_stm = """
CREATE TABLE files (
    id serial primary key,
    orig_filename text not null,
    file_data bytea not null
)
"""

check_for_table = """
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM files)
"""

def main(argv):
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser_action = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
    parser_action.add_argument("--store", action='store_const', const=True, help="Load an image from the named file and save it in the DB")
    parser_action.add_argument("--fetch", type=int, help="Fetch an image from the DB and store it in the named file, overwriting it if it exists. Takes the database file identifier as an argument.", metavar='42')
    parser.add_argument("filename", help="Name of file to write to / fetch from")
    args = parser.parse_args(argv[1:])

    conn = psycopg2.connect(db_conn_str)
    curs = conn.cursor()

    # Check if the table already exists
    if curs.execute(check_for_table) is None:

    # If it DOES NOT exist, create it
        curs.execute(create_table_stm)

    # If it DOES exist, ??
    elif     
        if args.store:
            with open(args.filename,'rb') as f:
                filedata = psycopg2.Binary(f.read())
                curs.execute("INSERT INTO files(id, orig_filename, file_data) VALUES (DEFAULT,%s,%s) RETURNING id", (args.filename, filedata))
                print curs
                returned_id = curs.fetchone()[0]
            print("Stored {0} into DB record {1}".format(args.filename, returned_id))
            conn.commit()

        elif args.fetch is not None:
            with open(args.filename,'wb') as f:
                curs.execute("SELECT file_data, orig_filename FROM files WHERE id = %s", (int(args.fetch),))
                (file_data, orig_filename) = curs.fetchone()
                f.write(file_data)
            print("Fetched {0} into file {1}; original filename was {2}".format(args.fetch, args.filename, orig_filename))

        conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

标签: pythonpostgresqlfor-loop

解决方案


您可以使用create table if not exists并继续。

create_table_stm = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS files (
    id serial primary key,
    orig_filename text not null,
    file_data bytea not null
)
"""

需要注意的是,可能已经存在具有相同名称但不同模式(即不同列和类型)的表。Postgres 不会验证它是否与您的 create 语句匹配,只会验证表名是否匹配。

如果您只需要创建一个具有特定模式的全新空白表,请drop table if exists files使用create table files.


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