java - HTTP Post 到 API 返回 403 FORBIDDEN
问题描述
我必须将 XML 文件上传到 API。这是 API 由我从 API 的颁发者那里获得的签名证书保护。
现在,我有两个用例。首先,我必须从这个 API 下载一些文件。这与以下代码完美配合:
final Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(ip, port));
final URL url = new URL(linkToFile);
final HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(this.http.createSSLContext().getSocketFactory());
try (
InputStream inputStream = zipUrlConn.getInputStream();
ZipInputStream stream = new ZipInputStream(inputStream);) {
// Do stuff with ZipInputStream here
}
该createSSLContext()
方法如下所示:
public SSLContext createSSLContext() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException,
UnrecoverableKeyException, KeyManagementException {
final KeyStore clientStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
clientStore.load(new FileInputStream(this.certificateResource.getFile()), this.p12PW.toCharArray());
final KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(clientStore, this.p12PW.toCharArray());
final KeyManager[] keyManagers = keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers();
final KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
trustStore.load(new FileInputStream(this.trustStoreResource.getFile()), this.trustStorePW.toCharArray());
final TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
final TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(keyManagers, trustManagers, new SecureRandom());
return sslContext;
}
我遵循了从发行人那里获得的指南,该指南显示了如何使用 cUrl 命令执行此操作:
curl --cert Certificate-<id>.pem[:pem_password] https://api.url.com/
所以我基本上是在尝试在 java 中重建这个命令,它正在工作。
现在对于不工作的部分,即文件上传。同样,我得到了一个 cUrl 命令,我必须重建它:
curl --cert Certificate-<id>.pem[:pem_password] -F upload=@<Path_to_file>\DS<PartnerId>_<Timestamp>.XML https://api.url.com/in/upload.php
我尝试了几件事来实现这一目标:
- “普通”Java
首先,我使用以下标准进行了尝试HttpsURLConnection
:
final Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.25", 3128));
final HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) new URL(ARGE_UPLOAD_URL).openConnection(proxy);
connection.setSSLSocketFactory(this.http.createSSLContext().getSocketFactory());
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");
try (OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream()) {
outputStream.write(Files.readAllBytes(new File("src/main/resources/XML/example.xml").toPath()));
}
final InputStream result = connection.getInputStream();
但这总是导致java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 403 for URL: https://api.url.com/in/upload.php
,即使我使用相同的配置,我可以从 API 下载。
- Apache HttpClient
我发现一些资源声称它HttpClient
更容易配置和使用,所以我试了一下:
final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder
.create()
.setSSLContext(this.http.createSSLContext())
.setProxy(new HttpHost(InetAddress.getByName(ip), port))
.build();
final HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder
.create()
.addBinaryBody("upload=@example.xml", new File("src/main/resources/XML/example.xml")) // Hardcoded for testing
.build();
final HttpPost post = new HttpPost(https://api.url.com/in/upload.php);
post.setEntity(requestEntity);
try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post)) {
this.logger.info(response.getStatusLine().toString());
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
}
导致HTTP/1.1 403 FORBIDDEN
- HttpClient(FileEntity 而不是 MultipartEntity)
作为最后一件事,我尝试了FileEntity
:
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(https://api.url.com/in/upload.php);
httpPost.addHeader("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");
final FileEntity fileEntity = new FileEntity(new File("src/main/resources/XML/example.xml"));
httpPost.setEntity(fileEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httpPost.getRequestLine() + httpPost.getConfig());
try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost)) {
final HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("Status: " + response.getStatusLine());
if (responseEntity != null) {
System.out.println("Entity: " + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
}
}
导致Status: HTTP/1.1 403 FORBIDDEN
我只是不明白,尽管使用完全相同的配置,我如何能够从 API 下载,但不能上传到它。
如果您需要更多信息,我很乐意提供。
编辑
正如oli所建议的,我使用 Fiddler 来捕获 HTTPS 请求。这是方法 1(普通 Java)的结果:
POST https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de/in/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Accept-Charset: utf-8
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36
Host: hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 6738
这是通过 Google Chrome 手动上传的结果:
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 6948
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryxZxIJ5h19MEFbZQs
Cookie: cookie_consent=accepted
Host: hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de
Origin: https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de
Referer: https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de/in/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36
编辑 2
补充一下,这是使用方法 2(带有 MultipartEntity 的 HttpClient)的结果:
POST https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de/in/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 7025
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=1sZvrqcGe-FuQ3r-_fFgt2SJtZ5_yo7Pfvq_
Host: hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de
Connection: Keep-Alive
User-Agent: Apache-HttpClient/4.5.5 (Java/1.8.0_161)
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
--1sZvrqcGe-FuQ3r-_fFgt2SJtZ5_yo7Pfvq_
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="DSV000306700_2018-08-23_09-00-00.xml"; filename="DSV000306700_2018-08-23_09-00-00.xml"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
编辑 3
我尝试从 Chrome 请求中复制所有 HTTP 标头,因此我的 Java 请求如下所示:
POST https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de/in/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Accept: Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=1535095530678
Cookie: cookie_consent=accepted
Referer: https://hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de/in/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36
Host: hrbaxml.arbeitsagentur.de
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 6944
--1535095530678
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="uploadFile"; filename="DSV000306700_2018-08-23_09-00-00.xml"
Content-Type: application/xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
.. xml data ..
--1535095530678--
但是,仍然没有成功。还有其他可能的解决方案吗?也许这不是上传的问题,而是其他问题?
解决方案
我将捕获您使用 Java 应用程序发送到服务器的 HTTP 请求(使用 Wireshark),并将其与您从浏览器发送的 HTTP 请求进行比较(您可以使用内置浏览器工具轻松捕获它,尝试按 F12)。
我 100% 确信您会看到一些差异,这对我来说总是有效的。
编辑:
还有另一个可能的问题。请尝试添加
connection.addRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:25.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/25.0");
或相同的,您的浏览器在您的第一个实现中发送。还要确保您的 SSL 证书和加密算法没有问题(您使用默认的一种,在您的情况下是哪一种)。此外(如果没有帮助)您还可以检查协商握手密钥的密钥长度。
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