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c++ - 无法识别 Visual Studio 代码任务构建“C:\Program”

问题描述

所以我正在使用 Visual Studio Code 来构建和运行一个简单的 C++ 程序。我使用 tasks.json 来处理编译：（基于此：How to compile C++ code with VS Code and cl

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Build Test",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cl",
            "args": [
                "/MDd",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/ZI",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/Od",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "main.cpp"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "Build Release",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cl",
            "args": [
                "/MD",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/O2",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Release/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "main.cpp"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

但是当我尝试构建时，我得到以下输出：

 Executing task: cl /MDd /W4 /EHsc /ZI /std:c++11 /Od "/Fe:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/test.exe" "/Fd:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/" "/Fo:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/" main.cpp <

'C:\Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

我会注意到，我确实通过以下方式更改了设置：

"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [
        "/k",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\vcvars64.bat"
    ],
"terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"

我相信这就是“C:\Program”的来源。我只想在 Visual Studio 中构建和执行 C++ 程序，因此不胜感激。

编辑： 所以我决定添加C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build到 PATH 变量，然后我将设置更改为：

"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [
        "/k",
        "vcvars64.bat",
    ],
 "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"

这导致错误变为：

> Executing task: cl /MDd /W4 /EHsc /ZI /std:c++11 /Od "/Fe:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/test.exe" "/Fd:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/" "/Fo:G:\My Drive\Semester 3\CS 341\Project\Project 2/Debug/" main.cpp <

[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /d
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /c
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : cl
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /MDd
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /W4
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /EHsc
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /ZI
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /std:c++11
[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat] Invalid argument found : /Od
The syntax of the command is incorrect.

标签： c++windowsvisual-studio-code

解决方案

空格和括号的问题可以通过转义字符来解决，在这种情况下，转义字符是插入符号 ( ^)。使用提到的字符，您的相关行将settings.json如下所示：

"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [
    "/k",
    "C:\\Program^ Files^ ^(x86^)\\Microsoft^ Visual^ Studio\\2017\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\vcvars64.bat"
],
"terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"

这种方法的问题与您在将路径添加vcvars64.bat到变量时遇到的问题相同，即在执行任务时，PATHVisual Studio Code 会将前缀为and的值追加到值中。这导致将把提到的值作为参数而不是. 出现带有 标记的错误是因为拒绝附加到错误位置的参数。"command""args"tasks.json/d/c"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows"vcvars64.batcmd.exe[ERROR:vcvarsall.bat]

您可以通过为您的任务指定带有适当参数的 shell 来解决此问题，如下所示：

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "options": {
        "shell": {
            "executable": "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe",
            "args": [
                "/d", "/c",
                "C:\\Program^ Files^ ^(x86^)\\Microsoft^ Visual^ Studio\\2017\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\vcvars64.bat",
                "&&"
            ]
        }
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Build Test",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cl",
            "args": [
                "/MDd",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/ZI",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/Od",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "main.cpp"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "Build Release",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cl",
            "args": [
                "/MD",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/O2",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Release/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "main.cpp"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

另一种方法是"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows"留空，即不要将任何参数传递给cmd.exein settings.json，然后将您的更改tasks.json如下：

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "options": {
        "env": {
            "build": "C:\\Program^ Files^ ^(x86^)\\Microsoft^ Visual^ Studio\\2017\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\vcvars64.bat && cl"
        }
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Build Test",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "%build%",
            "args": [
                "/MDd",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/ZI",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/Od",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Debug/",
                "main.cpp"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "Build Release",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "%build%",
            "args": [
                "/MD",
                "/W4",
                "/EHsc",
                "/std:c++11",
                "/O2",
                "/Fe:${workspaceFolder}/Release/test.exe",
                "/Fd:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "/Fo:${workspaceFolder}/Release/",
                "main.cpp"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

vcvars64.bat如果您从 Visual Studio 的开发人员命令提示符启动 Visual Studio Code，则可以省略在每次构建之前调用的必要性。为方便起见，您可以使用以下目标创建快捷方式：

cmd /d /c "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" && start /b code

这将使开发人员命令提示符保持打开状态，可以按需关闭。

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