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bash - 将每行开头的数字复制到行尾

问题描述

我有一个产生这种行的文件。我想编辑这些行并将它们放入passageiros.txt

a82411:x:1015:1006:Adriana Morais,,,:/home/a82411:/bin/bash
a60395:x:1016:1006:Afonso Pichel,,,:/home/a60395:/bin/bash
a82420:x:1017:1006:Afonso Alves,,,:/home/a82420:/bin/bash
a69225:x:1018:1006:Afonso Alves,,,:/home/a69225:/bin/bash
a82824:x:1019:1006:Afonso Carreira,,,:/home/a82824:/bin/bash
a83112:x:1020:1006:Aladje Sanha,,,:/home/a83112:/bin/bash
a82652:x:1022:1006:Alexandre Ferreira,,,:/home/a82652:/bin/bash
a83063:x:1023:1006:Alexandre Feijo,,,:/home/a83063:/bin/bash
a82540:x:1024:1006:Ana Santana,,,:/home/a82540:/bin/bash

使用以下代码，我可以得到这样的东西：

cat /etc/passwd |grep "^a[0-9]" | cut -d ":" -f1,5 | sed "s/a//" | sed "s/,//g" > passageiros.txt
sed -e "s/$/:::a/" -i passageiros.txt


82411:Adriana Morais:::a
60395:Afonso Pichel:::a
82420:Afonso Alves:::a
69225:Afonso Alves:::a
82824:Afonso Carreira:::a
83112:Aladje Sanha:::a
82652:Alexandre Ferreira:::a
83063:Alexandre Feijo:::a
82540:Ana Santana:::a

所以我的目标是创造这样的东西：

82411:Adriana Morais:::a82411@
60395:Afonso Pichel:::a60395@
82420:Afonso Alves:::a82420@
69225:Afonso Alves:::a69225@
82824:Afonso Carreira:::a82824@
83112:Aladje Sanha:::a83112@
82652:Alexandre Ferreira:::a82652@
83063:Alexandre Feijo:::a83063@
82540:Ana Santana:::a82540@

我怎样才能做到这一点？

标签： bashawkgrep

解决方案

请您尝试以下操作。

awk -F'[:,]' '{val=$1;sub(/[a-z]+/,"",$1);print $1,$5,_,_,val"@"}' OFS=":" Input_file

说明：也为上述代码添加说明。

awk -F'[:,]' '               ##Starting awk script here and making field seprator as colon and comma here.
{                            ##Starting main block here for awk.
  val=$1                     ##Creating a variable val whose value is first field.
  sub(/[a-z]+/,"",$1)        ##Using sub for substituting any kinf of alphabets small a to z in first field with NULL here.
  print $1,$5,_,_,val"@"     ##Printing 1st, 5th field and printing 2 NULL variables and printing variable val with @.
}                            ##Closing block for awk here.
' OFS=":" Input_file         ##Mentioning OFS value as colon here and mentioning Input_file name here.

编辑：在这里也添加@Aserre 的解决方案。

awk -F'[:,]' '{print substr($1, 2),$5,_,_,$1"@"}' OFS=":"  Input_file

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