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首页 > 解决方案 > 如何将文本文件 (name1:hobby1 name2:hobby2) 制作成这个 (name1:hobby1, hobby2 name2:hobby1, hobby2)？

python - 如何将文本文件 (name1:hobby1 name2:hobby2) 制作成这个 (name1:hobby1, hobby2 name2:hobby1, hobby2)？

问题描述

我是编程新手，需要一些帮助。我有一个包含很多名字和爱好的文本文件，看起来像这样：

杰克：手工艺

彼得：远足

温迪：游戏

莫妮卡：网球

克里斯：折纸

苏菲：运动

莫妮卡：设计

有些名字和爱好是重复的。我试图让程序显示如下：

杰克：手工艺、电影、瑜伽

温迪：游戏、远足、运动

到目前为止，这是我的程序，但最后的 4 行不正确。

def create_dictionary(file):
newlist = []
dict = {}
file = open("hobbies_database.txt", "r")
hobbies = file.readlines()
for rows in hobbies:
    rows1 = rows.split(":")
    k = rows1[0] # nimi
    v = (rows1[1]).rstrip("\n") # hobi
    dict = {k: v}
    for k, v in dict.items():
        if v in dict[k]:

标签： python

解决方案

你可以试试这样的。我特意重写了这篇文章，因为我试图向你展示如何以更“Pythonic 的方式”来解决这个问题。至少更多地使用该语言。

例如，您可以在字典中创建数组以更直观地表示数据。这样就可以更轻松地以您想要的方式打印信息。

def create_dictionary(file):

    names = {} # create the dictionary to store your data

    # using with statement ensures the file is closed properly
    # even if there is an error thrown
    with open("hobbies_database.txt", "r") as file:

        # This reads the file one line at a time
        # using readlines() loads the whole file into memory in one go
        # This is far better for large data files that wont fit into memory
        for row in file:

            # strip() removes end of line characters and trailing white space
            # split returns an array [] which can be unpacked direct to single variables
            name, hobby = row.strip().split(":")

            # this checks to see if 'name' has been seen before
            # is there already an entry in the dictionary
            if name not in names:

                # if not, assign an empty array to the dictionary key 'name'
                names[name] = []

            # this adds the hobby seen in this line to the array
            names[name].append(hobby)

    # This iterates through all the keys in the dictionary
    for name in names:

        # using the string format function you can build up
        # the output string and print it to the screen

        # ",".join(array) will join all the elements of the array
        # into a single string and place a comma between each

        # set(array) creates a "list/array" of unique objects
        # this means that if a hobby is added twice you will only see it once in the set

        # names[name] is the list [] of hobby strings for that 'name'
        print("{0}: {1}\n".format(name, ", ".join(set(names[name]))))

希望这会有所帮助，并可能为您指明更多 Python 概念的方向。如果您还没有通过介绍性教程...我肯定会推荐它。

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