python - 未定义海龟属性
问题描述
在这里完成新手。我可以知道为什么我在运行此代码时收到错误消息(NameError: name 'width' is not defined)吗?谢谢 :)
from tkinter import *
from turtle import *
root = Tk()
T = Text(root, root.title("Controls"), height=8, width=60)
T.pack()
T.insert(END, """Right arrow key = move forward\nLeft arrow key = move
backward\nr = turn right\nl = turn left\n
u = pen up\nd = pen down\nh = go home\nc = clear""")
def main():
width(2)
speed(0)
pencolor("blue")
onkey(up, "u")
onkey(down, "d")
onkey(clear, "c")
onkey(home, "h")
onkey(lambda: forward(5), "right")
onkey(lambda: back(5), "left")
onkey(lambda: left(5), "l")
onkey(lambda: right(5), "r")
listen()
return "Done!"
if __name__ == "__main__":
msg = main()
print(msg)
mainloop()
解决方案
运行此代码时收到错误消息(NameError: name 'width' is not defined)
当我运行这段代码时,我得到了错误:
_tkinter.TclError:错误的事件类型或键符“正确”
这段代码一团糟,特别是:
它通过以不受控制的方式组合turtle和tkinter来建立两个窗口。当 turtle 是独立的时,我们使用
Turtle
andScreen
,但是当嵌入到 tkinter 中时,我们使用RawTurtle
andTurtleScreen
。与其让第二个窗口作为忽略规则的副作用出现,不如您真正应该控制该窗口的创建。None
此代码似乎将根窗口的标题设置为作为XView
参数传递给的副作用Text()
:T = Text(root, root.title("Controls"), height=8, width=60)
您为箭头使用了错误的键名——它们应该是
'Left'
and'Right
' 用于海龟的onkey()
功能,而不是'left'
and'right'
。
以下是我对如何构建此类程序的理解:
import tkinter as tk
from turtle import RawTurtle, ScrolledCanvas, TurtleScreen
root = tk.Tk()
instructions = tk.Toplevel()
instructions.title("Controls")
text = tk.Text(instructions, height=8, width=60)
text.pack()
text.insert(tk.END, """Right arrow key = move forward\nLeft arrow key = move
backward\nr = turn right\nl = turn left\n
u = pen up\nd = pen down\nh = go home\nc = clear""")
canvas = ScrolledCanvas(root, width=500, height=500)
canvas.pack()
screen = TurtleScreen(canvas)
turtle = RawTurtle(screen, 'turtle')
turtle.pencolor('blue')
turtle.width(2)
screen.onkey(turtle.penup, "u")
screen.onkey(turtle.pendown, "d")
screen.onkey(turtle.clear, "c")
screen.onkey(turtle.home, "h")
screen.onkey(lambda: turtle.forward(5), "Right")
screen.onkey(lambda: turtle.backward(5), "Left")
screen.onkey(lambda: turtle.left(5), "l")
screen.onkey(lambda: turtle.right(5), "r")
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()
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