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django - 如何使用 TemplateHTMLRenderer 在 Django-REST-Framework 中创建/放置？

问题描述

我很难找到初始化TemplateHTMLRenderer以呈现用于创建对象的表单的正确方法。我的 API 非常适合发布（DRF 可浏览 API 表单），但这不是前端解决方案。

我可以使用文档和模板包创建详细信息页面：https ://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/html-and-forms/#rendering-forms 。文档非常清楚如何创建 UPDATE 表单。

但我不能在我的一生中初始化相同的表单来进行初始创建。

当自动生成表单的功能存在时，我不想手动编写表单来与创建对象的 API 交互......但我完全不知所措。

从 views.py 工作更新视图：

class LicensedSoftwareDetail(APIView):
    model = LicensedSoftware
    renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
    template_name = 'licsoftware-detail.html'

    def get(self, request, pk):
        if pk:
            licensedsoftware = get_object_or_404(LicensedSoftware, pk=pk)
            serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(licensedsoftware)
            return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'licensedsoftware': licensedsoftware})
        else:
            serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer()
            return Response({'serializer': serializer})

    def post(self, request, pk):
        if pk:
            licensedsoftware = get_object_or_404(LicensedSoftware, pk=pk)
            serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(licensedsoftware, data=request.data)
            if not serializer.is_valid():
                return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'licensedsoftware': licensedsoftware})
            serializer.save()
        else:
            serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(data=request.data)
            serializer.save()

        return redirect('../../licsoftware/')

它是一个带有自定义更新和创建方法的嵌套 (OneToOne) 序列化程序。

来自 serializers.py：

class SoftwareSerializer(WritableNestedModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Software
        fields = '__all__'

class LicensedSoftwareSerializer(WritableNestedModelSerializer):

    software = SoftwareSerializer()
    available = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = LicensedSoftware
        fields = '__all__'
        read_only_fields = ('available',)

    def get_available(self, obj):
        return int(obj.numpurchased) - obj.software.assignees.count()

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        software_data = validated_data.pop('software')
        software = instance.software
        for attr, value in software_data.items():
            if attr == 'assignees':
                instance.software.assignees.set(value)
            else:
                setattr(software, attr, value)
        software.save()
        for attr, value in validated_data.items():
            setattr(instance, attr, value)
        instance.save()
        return instance

    def create(self, instance, validated_data):
        software_data = validated_data.pop('software')
        software = instance.software
        for attr, value in software_data.items():
            if attr == 'assignees':
                instance.software.assignees.set(value)
            else:
                setattr(software, attr, value)
        software.save()
        for attr, value in validated_data.items():
            setattr(instance, attr, value)
        instance.save()
        return instance

我有一个引用 TemplateHTMLRenderer 表单的模板，当它可以调用 PK 时，它非常适合更新。但是，我不能创建一个视图或 URL 来拉取表单以进行创建/发布。

楷模：

class Software (models.Model):
    brand = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False, verbose_name="Software Title")
    version = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False)
    website = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=False)
    active = models.BooleanField()
    notes = models.CharField(max_length=1000, blank=True, null=True)
    assignees = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='software_assigned', blank=True, verbose_name="Installed Users:")

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0} {1} Version {2}".format(self.brand, self.title, str(self.version))


class LicensedSoftware(models.Model):

    software = models.OneToOneField(Software, primary_key=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    vehicle = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False, verbose_name="Contract/Purchase Vehicle")
    vendor = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False)
    licensekey = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False)
    subscription = models.BooleanField()
    term = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=False)
    renewaldate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="Renew By")
    supportincluded = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="Support Included")
    numpurchased = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=False, verbose_name="Licenses Purchased")

不工作且不包括 PK 的其他视图：

class LicensedSoftwareList(APIView):
    queryset = LicensedSoftware.objects.all()
    serializer_class = LicensedSoftwareSerializer
    renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
    template_name = 'licsoftware-detail.html'

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        licsoftware = LicensedSoftware.objects.all()
        serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(licsoftware)
        return Response({'result': serializer.data})

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(data=request.DATA)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

模板：

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load rest_framework %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Licensed Software - {{ licensedsoftware.software.brand }} {{ licensedsoftware.software.title }} {{ licensedsoftware.software.version }}</h1>

<form class="form-horizontal" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% render_form serializer template_pack='rest_framework/horizontal'%}
   <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit!</button>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

{% endblock %}

网址：

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('inventory/', views.inventory, name='inventory'),
    path('schema/', schema_view),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include(router.urls)),
    path('inventory/mobile-detail/<int:pk>/', views.MobileDetail.as_view()),
    path('inventory/licsoftware-detail/<int:pk>/', views.LicensedSoftwareDetail.as_view()),
    path('inventory/licsoftware-detail/', views.LicensedSoftwareList.as_view()),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
    path('docs/', include_docs_urls(title='API Documentation')),
    path('profiles/', views.ProfileList.as_view()),
    path('profile-detail/<int:pk>/', views.ProfileDetail.as_view()),
    path('inventory/licsoftware/', licensedsoftware_view, name='licensed_table'),
    path('inventory/mobile/', mobile_view, name='mobile_table'),

API 网址有效。可浏览的 API 将允许创建/发布。path('inventory/licsoftware-detail//', views.LicensedSoftwareDetail.as_view()), works path('inventory/licsoftware-detail/', views.LicensedSoftwareList.as_view())，给出错误：

software尝试获取序列化程序上的字段值时出现 AttributeError LicensedSoftwareSerializer。序列化器字段可能命名不正确，并且与QuerySet实例上的任何属性或键都不匹配。原始异常文本是：“QuerySet”对象没有“软件”属性。

标签： djangodjango-formsdjango-rest-frameworkdjango-templates

解决方案

好的，我理解您希望 DRF 自动生成用于创建和更新许可软件的表单的方式。所以，我尝试这样做，但方式与您的方式略有不同，即我使用 ModelViewSet 代替 APIView，并且我更改了两个序列化程序的创建函数。

序列化程序.py

class SoftwareSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Software
        fields = '__all__'

    def create(self, validated_data):
        assignees = validated_data.pop('assignees')

        software = Software.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for user in assignees:
            user = User.objects.get(id=user.id)
            software.assignees.add(user)
        return software


class LicensedSoftwareSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    software = SoftwareSerializer()
    available = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = LicensedSoftware
        fields = '__all__'
        read_only_fields = ('available',)

    def get_available(self, obj):
        return int(obj.numpurchased) - obj.software.assignees.count()

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        software_data = validated_data.pop('software')
        software = instance.software
        for attr, value in software_data.items():
            if attr == 'assignees':
                instance.software.assignees.set(value)
            else:
                setattr(software, attr, value)
        software.save()
        for attr, value in validated_data.items():
            setattr(instance, attr, value)
        instance.save()
        return instance

    def create(self, validated_data):
        software_data = validated_data.pop('software')
        assignee = software_data.pop("assignees")
        user_list = []
        for user in assignee:
            user_list.append(user.id)

        software_data.update({'assignees': user_list})

        software_serializer = SoftwareSerializer(data=software_data)

        software_serializer.is_valid()
        software = software_serializer.save()

        validated_data.update({"software": software})

        ls = LicensedSoftware.objects.create(**validated_data)

        return ls

视图.py

class LicensedSoftwareDetail(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = LicensedSoftware.objects.all()
    serializer_class = LicensedSoftwareSerializer

如果您想在此处进行任何更改，请随时提及。并且作为一个建议，我会说创建一个单独的端点来创建软件，然后为 LicensedSoftwareSerializer 使用 PrimaryKeyRelated 字段或任何其他此类字段，因为当您使用嵌套序列化程序时事情会变得丑陋。
和平


编辑：

好的，您没有 pk 的视图对于生成创建模板有点错误。这就是我让它工作的方式：

class LicensedSoftwareCreate(APIView):
    queryset = LicensedSoftware.objects.all()
    serializer_class = LicensedSoftwareSerializer
    renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
    template_name = 'licsoftware-detail.html'

    def get(self, request, format=None):

        serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer()
        return Response({'serializer': serializer})

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = LicensedSoftwareSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

希望能帮助到你。

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