首页 > 解决方案 > pyqt5 孩子使用 qml 文件访问

问题描述

我想运行 qt QSyntaxHighlight 示例,但使用 QML 构建窗口,而不是使用 python 代码。虽然我仍然设法这样做,但代码很尴尬,我相信我的 QML 或 API 理解是错误的。

我创建了名为 TextEdits 的简单 QML 文件main.qml

import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2

Window {
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello")

    TextEdit {
        id: text_view
        objectName: "text_view"
        x: 0
        y: 0
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height * 0.8
        color: "black"
        text: qsTr("long class")
        font.pixelSize: 12
        anchors.margins: 5
    }

    TextEdit {
        id: text_input
        anchors.top: text_view.bottom
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height - text_view.height
        color: "#ef1d1d"
        text: qsTr("")
        font.capitalization: Font.MixedCase
        font.pixelSize: 12
    }
}

然后添加main.py

#!/bin/python3

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtGui, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication, QSyntaxHighlighter, QTextDocument
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTextEdit
from PyQt5.QtQml import QQmlApplicationEngine, qmlRegisterType


class Highlighter(QSyntaxHighlighter):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Highlighter, self).__init__(parent)

        keywordFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        keywordFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkBlue)
        keywordFormat.setFontWeight(QtGui.QFont.Bold)

        keywordPatterns = ["\\bchar\\b", "\\bclass\\b", "\\bconst\\b",
                "\\bdouble\\b", "\\benum\\b", "\\bexplicit\\b", "\\bfriend\\b",
                "\\binline\\b", "\\bint\\b", "\\blong\\b", "\\bnamespace\\b",
                "\\boperator\\b", "\\bprivate\\b", "\\bprotected\\b",
                "\\bpublic\\b", "\\bshort\\b", "\\bsignals\\b", "\\bsigned\\b",
                "\\bslots\\b", "\\bstatic\\b", "\\bstruct\\b",
                "\\btemplate\\b", "\\btypedef\\b", "\\btypename\\b",
                "\\bunion\\b", "\\bunsigned\\b", "\\bvirtual\\b", "\\bvoid\\b",
                "\\bvolatile\\b"]

        self.highlightingRules = [(QtCore.QRegExp(pattern), keywordFormat)
                for pattern in keywordPatterns]

        classFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        classFormat.setFontWeight(QtGui.QFont.Bold)
        classFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkMagenta)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\\bQ[A-Za-z]+\\b"),
                classFormat))

        singleLineCommentFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        singleLineCommentFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.red)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("//[^\n]*"),
                singleLineCommentFormat))

        self.multiLineCommentFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        self.multiLineCommentFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.red)

        quotationFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        quotationFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkGreen)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\".*\""), quotationFormat))

        functionFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        functionFormat.setFontItalic(True)
        functionFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.blue)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\\b[A-Za-z0-9_]+(?=\\()"), functionFormat))

        self.commentStartExpression = QtCore.QRegExp("/\\*")
        self.commentEndExpression = QtCore.QRegExp("\\*/")

    def highlightBlock(self, text):
        for pattern, format in self.highlightingRules:
            expression = QtCore.QRegExp(pattern)
            index = expression.indexIn(text)
            while index >= 0:
                length = expression.matchedLength()
                self.setFormat(index, length, format)
                index = expression.indexIn(text, index + length)

        self.setCurrentBlockState(0)

        startIndex = 0
        if self.previousBlockState() != 1:
            startIndex = self.commentStartExpression.indexIn(text)

        while startIndex >= 0:
            endIndex = self.commentEndExpression.indexIn(text, startIndex)

            if endIndex == -1:
                self.setCurrentBlockState(1)
                commentLength = len(text) - startIndex
            else:
                commentLength = endIndex - startIndex + self.commentEndExpression.matchedLength()

            self.setFormat(startIndex, commentLength, self.multiLineCommentFormat)
            startIndex = self.commentStartExpression.indexIn(text, startIndex + commentLength)


def print_child(el):
    print(" " * 2 * print_child.max + "type: {}".format(type(el)))
    print(" " * 2 * print_child.max + "name: {}".format(el.objectName()))
    print_child.max += 1
    try:
        for subel in el.children():
            print_child(subel)
    except TypeError:
        pass
    print_child.max -= 1
print_child.max = 0


def child_selector(children, ftype):
    for ch in children:
        if type(ch) is ftype:
            return ch
    return None

if __name__ in "__main__":
    app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
    engine = QQmlApplicationEngine()
    engine.load("main.qml")
    print_child(engine.rootObjects()[0])
    el = Highlighter(
                child_selector(engine.rootObjects()[0].findChild(QObject, "text_view").children(), QTextDocument)
            )
    engine.quit.connect(app.quit)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Print child 产生以下输出:

type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QWindow'>
name: 
  type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
  name: 
  type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
  name: text_view
    type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QTextDocument'>
    name: 
      type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QAbstractTextDocumentLayout'>
      name: 
        type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
        name: 
      type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QTextFrame'>
      name: 
    type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
    name: 
  type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
  name: 
    type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QTextDocument'>
    name: 
      type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QAbstractTextDocumentLayout'>
      name: 
        type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
        name: 
      type: <class 'PyQt5.QtGui.QTextFrame'>
      name: 
    type: <class 'PyQt5.QtCore.QObject'>
    name: 

问题:

标签: pythonqmlpyqt5

解决方案


- 我已经定义了 Window 里面有两个 TextEdits,而我看到我的 TextEdits 嵌入在额外的 QObject 中(这就是为什么我必须添加 child_selector(...) 并且不能直接使用 findChild 输出)为什么会这样并且可以做得更好

是的,您可以使用 findChild,在下面的部分中,我将向您展示解决方案:

findChild 有选择器:类型和 objectName,在 textDocument 的情况下,所以作为第一个测试它可以按类型过滤,我将使用 findChildren,因为每个 TextEdit 都有一个 textDocument:

root = engine.rootObjects()[0]
docs = root.findChildren(QtGui.QTextDocument)
print(docs)
for doc in docs:
    el = Highlighter(doc)

输出:

[<PyQt5.QtGui.QTextDocument object at 0x7f5703eb4af8>, <PyQt5.QtGui.QTextDocument object at 0x7f5703eb4b88>]

通过应用 objectname 的过滤器,我们可以过滤第一个 TextEdit 的 textDocument:

root = engine.rootObjects()[0]
text_view = root.findChild(QtCore.QObject, "text_view")
doc = text_view.findChild(QtGui.QTextDocument)
el = Highlighter(doc)

- 是否有一些与 findChild(...) 相同但使用 id 而不是 objectName 的功能?

id 仅在 QML 中有意义,因此您不能在 python 中使用它,同样 findChild() 和 findChildren() 仅使用对象名和类型。

id 是一个取决于范围的标识符,例如:

我的项目.qml

Item{
    id: root
    // others code
}

main.qml

Window{
    MyItem{
        id: it1
    }
    MyItem{
        id: it2
    }
}

如您所见,根 id 将仅标识 MyItem.qml 中的项目,在它之外它没有任何意义,从概念上讲它就像this在 c++ 或selfpython 中一样,因为这些属性相对于范围具有意义。


- 在没有 rootObject() 的引擎上使用 findChildren(...) 导致 None 我不明白为什么?

QmlEngine 是一个允许创建组件的类,它没有层次关系,因此 QML 中层次结构树的任何元素都不像引擎的父亲,因此它返回 None。


我将回答评论中提出的问题,因为答案值得。

QTextDocument 继承自 QObject,所以它有 objectName,所以 QTextDocument 是 TextEdit 的一个属性,它 objectName 可以以某种方式在 QML 中设置吗?

不幸的是,不可能将 QML 中的 objectName 放置到 QTextDocument 中,因为在 QML 中 QTextDocument 不可访问。如果我们查看文档:

textDocumentTextEdit的一个属性,它是一个QQuickTextDocument,并且QQuickTextDocument有一个方法调用textDocument(),它只返回一个QTextDocument但该方法不是 aQ_INVOKABLE也不是 a SLOT

更接近您想要的是将 objectName 设置为textDocument,然后使用textDocument()方法获取QTextDocument (由于名称相似,可能会令人困惑),要设置 objectName,我们将使用 Component.OnCompleted 信号:

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2

Window {
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello")

    TextEdit {
        id: text_view
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height * 0.8
        color: "black"
        text: qsTr("long class")
        font.pixelSize: 12
        anchors.margins: 5
        Component.onCompleted: text_view.textDocument.objectName = "textDocument1"
    }

    TextEdit {
        id: text_input
        anchors.top: text_view.bottom
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height - text_view.height
        color: "#ef1d1d"
        text: qsTr("")
        font.capitalization: Font.MixedCase
        font.pixelSize: 12
        Component.onCompleted: text_input.textDocument.objectName = "textDocument2"
    }
}

*.py

# ...

if __name__ in "__main__":
    app = QtGui.QGuiApplication(sys.argv)

    engine = QtQml.QQmlApplicationEngine()
    engine.load("main.qml")
    if not engine.rootObjects():
        sys.exit(-1)
    root = engine.rootObjects()[0]

    q_text_document1 = root.findChild(QtQuick.QQuickTextDocument, "textDocument1")
    h1 = Highlighter(q_text_document1.textDocument())

    q_text_document2 = root.findChild(QtQuick.QQuickTextDocument, "textDocument2")
    h2 = Highlighter(q_text_document2.textDocument())

    engine.quit.connect(app.quit)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

虽然我个人不喜欢通过 objectName 将 QML 中创建的元素公开给 python/C++,因为 QML 处理它的生命周期而不是 python/C++。在这种情况下,我更喜欢将类导出为新项目,并创建一个插槽来传递以下属性QQuickTextDocument

主文件

#!/bin/python3

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtQml, QtQuick

class Highlighter(QtGui.QSyntaxHighlighter):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Highlighter, self).__init__(parent)

        keywordFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        keywordFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkBlue)
        keywordFormat.setFontWeight(QtGui.QFont.Bold)

        keywordPatterns = ["\\bchar\\b", "\\bclass\\b", "\\bconst\\b",
                "\\bdouble\\b", "\\benum\\b", "\\bexplicit\\b", "\\bfriend\\b",
                "\\binline\\b", "\\bint\\b", "\\blong\\b", "\\bnamespace\\b",
                "\\boperator\\b", "\\bprivate\\b", "\\bprotected\\b",
                "\\bpublic\\b", "\\bshort\\b", "\\bsignals\\b", "\\bsigned\\b",
                "\\bslots\\b", "\\bstatic\\b", "\\bstruct\\b",
                "\\btemplate\\b", "\\btypedef\\b", "\\btypename\\b",
                "\\bunion\\b", "\\bunsigned\\b", "\\bvirtual\\b", "\\bvoid\\b",
                "\\bvolatile\\b"]

        self.highlightingRules = [(QtCore.QRegExp(pattern), keywordFormat)
                for pattern in keywordPatterns]

        classFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        classFormat.setFontWeight(QtGui.QFont.Bold)
        classFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkMagenta)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\\bQ[A-Za-z]+\\b"),
                classFormat))

        singleLineCommentFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        singleLineCommentFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.red)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("//[^\n]*"),
                singleLineCommentFormat))

        self.multiLineCommentFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        self.multiLineCommentFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.red)

        quotationFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        quotationFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.darkGreen)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\".*\""), quotationFormat))

        functionFormat = QtGui.QTextCharFormat()
        functionFormat.setFontItalic(True)
        functionFormat.setForeground(QtCore.Qt.blue)
        self.highlightingRules.append((QtCore.QRegExp("\\b[A-Za-z0-9_]+(?=\\()"), functionFormat))

        self.commentStartExpression = QtCore.QRegExp("/\\*")
        self.commentEndExpression = QtCore.QRegExp("\\*/")

    def highlightBlock(self, text):
        for pattern, format in self.highlightingRules:
            expression = QtCore.QRegExp(pattern)
            index = expression.indexIn(text)
            while index >= 0:
                length = expression.matchedLength()
                self.setFormat(index, length, format)
                index = expression.indexIn(text, index + length)

        self.setCurrentBlockState(0)

        startIndex = 0
        if self.previousBlockState() != 1:
            startIndex = self.commentStartExpression.indexIn(text)

        while startIndex >= 0:
            endIndex = self.commentEndExpression.indexIn(text, startIndex)

            if endIndex == -1:
                self.setCurrentBlockState(1)
                commentLength = len(text) - startIndex
            else:
                commentLength = endIndex - startIndex + self.commentEndExpression.matchedLength()

            self.setFormat(startIndex, commentLength, self.multiLineCommentFormat)
            startIndex = self.commentStartExpression.indexIn(text, startIndex + commentLength)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot(QtQuick.QQuickTextDocument)
    def setQQuickTextDocument(self, q):
        if isinstance(q, QtQuick.QQuickTextDocument):
            self.setDocument(q.textDocument())


if __name__ in "__main__":
    app = QtGui.QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
    QtQml.qmlRegisterType(Highlighter, "Foo", 1, 0, "Highlighter")
    engine = QtQml.QQmlApplicationEngine()
    engine.load("main.qml")
    if not engine.rootObjects():
        sys.exit(-1)
    root = engine.rootObjects()[0]
    engine.quit.connect(app.quit)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import Foo 1.0

Window {
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello")

    TextEdit {
        id: text_view
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height * 0.8
        color: "black"
        text: qsTr("long class")
        font.pixelSize: 12
        anchors.margins: 5
    }

    Highlighter{
        id: h1
        Component.onCompleted: h1.setQQuickTextDocument(text_view.textDocument)
    }

    TextEdit {
        id: text_input
        anchors.top: text_view.bottom
        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height - text_view.height
        color: "#ef1d1d"
        text: qsTr("")
        font.capitalization: Font.MixedCase
        font.pixelSize: 12
    }

    Highlighter{
        id: h2
        Component.onCompleted: h2.setQQuickTextDocument(text_input.textDocument)
    }

}

使用最后一种方法,对象的生命周期由 QML 处理,使用初始方法 QML 可以消除某些项目,python/C++ 不会知道它,因为没有人通知它。


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