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python - Python / XML 请求

问题描述

我是 python 新手，并尝试请求一个公共交通信息网站，然后我想在我的树莓派的小显示器上显示这些信息。

import request

xml = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Trias version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.vdv.de/trias" xmlns:siri="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <ServiceRequest>
        <siri:RequestTimestamp>2016-06-27T13:34:00</siri:RequestTimestamp>
        <siri:RequestorRef>EPSa</siri:RequestorRef>
        <RequestPayload>
            <StopEventRequest>
                <Location>
                    <LocationRef>
                        <StopPointRef>8578169</StopPointRef>
                    </LocationRef>
                </Location>
                <Params>
                    <NumberOfResults>5</NumberOfResults>
                    <StopEventType>departure</StopEventType>
                    <IncludePreviousCalls>false</IncludePreviousCalls>
                    <IncludeOnwardCalls>false</IncludeOnwardCalls>
                    <IncludeRealtimeData>true</IncludeRealtimeData>
                </Params>
            </StopEventRequest>
        </RequestPayload>
    </ServiceRequest>
</Trias>"""

headers = {'Authorization': *'#MYCODE'*, 'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}

answer = requests.post('https://api.opentransportdata.swiss/trias', data=xml, headers=headers)

答案将是什么：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Trias xmlns="http://www.vdv.de/trias" version="1.1">
<ServiceDelivery>
    <ResponseTimestamp xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">2018-11-19T14:17:42Z</ResponseTimestamp>
    <ProducerRef xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">EFAController10.2.9.62-WIN-G0NJHFUK71P</ProducerRef>
    <Status xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">true</Status>
    <MoreData>false</MoreData>
    <Language>de</Language>
    <DeliveryPayload>
        <StopEventResponse>
            <StopEventResult>
                <ResultId>ID-8E6262DF-2FB8-4591-97A3-AC3E94E56635</ResultId>
                <StopEvent>
                    <ThisCall>
                        <CallAtStop>
                            <StopPointRef>8578169</StopPointRef>
                            <StopPointName>
                                <Text>Basel, Thomaskirche</Text>
                                <Language>de</Language>
                            </StopPointName>
                            <ServiceDeparture>
                                <TimetabledTime>2018-11-19T14:16:00Z</TimetabledTime>
                                <EstimatedTime>2018-11-19T14:17:00Z</EstimatedTime>
                            </ServiceDeparture>
                            <StopSeqNumber>31</StopSeqNumber>
                        </CallAtStop>
                    </ThisCall>
                    <Service>
                        <OperatingDayRef>2018-11-19</OperatingDayRef>
                        <JourneyRef>odp:05036::H:j18:36143:36143</JourneyRef>
                        <LineRef>odp:05036::H</LineRef>
                        <DirectionRef>outward</DirectionRef>
                        <Mode>
                            <PtMode>bus</PtMode>
                            <BusSubmode>regionalBus</BusSubmode>
                            <Name>
                                <Text>Bus</Text>
                                <Language>de</Language>
                            </Name>
                        </Mode>
                        <PublishedLineName>
                            <Text>36</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </PublishedLineName>
                        <OperatorRef>odp:823</OperatorRef>
                        <OriginStopPointRef>8589334</OriginStopPointRef>
                        <OriginText>
                            <Text>Basel, Kleinhüningen</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </OriginText>
                        <DestinationStopPointRef>8588780</DestinationStopPointRef>
                        <DestinationText>
                            <Text>Basel, Schifflände</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </DestinationText>
                    </Service>
                </StopEvent>
            </StopEventResult>
        </StopEventResponse>
    </DeliveryPayload>
</ServiceDelivery>

我现在怎样才能继续从中获取一些信息？（对 TimetabledTime 和 EstimatedTime 感兴趣）

我尝试使用 ElementTree 但它并没有真正起作用。

提前致谢！

数据提供者的网站：https ://opentransportdata.swiss/en/cookbook/departurearrival-display/

标签： pythonxmlrequestelementtree

解决方案

我尝试使用 ElementTree 但它并没有真正起作用。

我认为@mzjn 在他们提到时可能是对的：注意使用了 XML 命名空间。

以防万一，这是一个使用 ElementTree 解析 XML 同时正确处理默认命名空间的示例。

我以@AndreaCattaneo 的答案为基础。它产生完全相同的输出。

Python

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from datetime import datetime

test_answer = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Trias xmlns="http://www.vdv.de/trias" version="1.1">
<ServiceDelivery>
    <ResponseTimestamp xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">2018-11-19T14:17:42Z</ResponseTimestamp>
    <ProducerRef xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">EFAController10.2.9.62-WIN-G0NJHFUK71P</ProducerRef>
    <Status xmlns="http://www.siri.org.uk/siri">true</Status>
    <MoreData>false</MoreData>
    <Language>de</Language>
    <DeliveryPayload>
        <StopEventResponse>
            <StopEventResult>
                <ResultId>ID-8E6262DF-2FB8-4591-97A3-AC3E94E56635</ResultId>
                <StopEvent>
                    <ThisCall>
                        <CallAtStop>
                            <StopPointRef>8578169</StopPointRef>
                            <StopPointName>
                                <Text>Basel, Thomaskirche</Text>
                                <Language>de</Language>
                            </StopPointName>
                            <ServiceDeparture>
                                <TimetabledTime>2018-11-19T14:16:00Z</TimetabledTime>
                                <EstimatedTime>2018-11-19T14:17:00Z</EstimatedTime>
                            </ServiceDeparture>
                            <StopSeqNumber>31</StopSeqNumber>
                        </CallAtStop>
                    </ThisCall>
                    <Service>
                        <OperatingDayRef>2018-11-19</OperatingDayRef>
                        <JourneyRef>odp:05036::H:j18:36143:36143</JourneyRef>
                        <LineRef>odp:05036::H</LineRef>
                        <DirectionRef>outward</DirectionRef>
                        <Mode>
                            <PtMode>bus</PtMode>
                            <BusSubmode>regionalBus</BusSubmode>
                            <Name>
                                <Text>Bus</Text>
                                <Language>de</Language>
                            </Name>
                        </Mode>
                        <PublishedLineName>
                            <Text>36</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </PublishedLineName>
                        <OperatorRef>odp:823</OperatorRef>
                        <OriginStopPointRef>8589334</OriginStopPointRef>
                        <OriginText>
                            <Text>Basel, Kleinhüningen</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </OriginText>
                        <DestinationStopPointRef>8588780</DestinationStopPointRef>
                        <DestinationText>
                            <Text>Basel, Schifflände</Text>
                            <Language>de</Language>
                        </DestinationText>
                    </Service>
                </StopEvent>
            </StopEventResult>
        </StopEventResponse>
    </DeliveryPayload>
</ServiceDelivery>
</Trias>"""

ns = {"t": "http://www.vdv.de/trias"}

tree = ET.fromstring(test_answer)

# as strings
timetabled_time = tree.find(".//t:TimetabledTime", ns).text
estimated_time = tree.find(".//t:EstimatedTime", ns).text

# as datetime objects
date_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
timetabled_time = datetime.strptime(timetabled_time, date_format)
estimated_time = datetime.strptime(estimated_time, date_format)

print("Timetabled time: {} at {}".format(timetabled_time.date(), timetabled_time.time()))
print("Estimated time: {} at {}".format(estimated_time.date(), estimated_time.time()))

输出

Timetabled time: 2018-11-19 at 14:16:00
Estimated time: 2018-11-19 at 14:17:00

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