首页 > 解决方案 > Kotlin 同步无法正常工作

问题描述

我正在尝试创建一个简单的程序,它是使用并发的布朗运动模型(杂质在单元格中随机左右移动)。我有杂质和细胞类。单元类包含单元数组,表示当前每个单元中有多少杂质。每个 Impurity 对象在自己的线程中更改 Cells 中的单元格数组。我正在启动线程,它们在无限循环中运行 1 秒。但在此之前和之后,我打印了单元格中的杂质总和,这些值不相等,这意味着我在同步方面做错了。这是代码:

细胞类:

object Cells {
    var cell = Array(N) { 0 }

    fun addImpurity(impurity: Impurity) {
        cell[impurity.currentCell]++
    }

    @Synchronized
    fun move(impurity: Impurity, direction: Direction) {
            if (direction == Direction.LEFT && impurity.currentCell > 0) {
                cell[impurity.currentCell]--
                cell[impurity.currentCell - 1]++

                impurity.currentCell--
            } else if (direction == Direction.RIGHT && impurity.currentCell < N - 1) {
                cell[impurity.currentCell]--
                cell[impurity.currentCell + 1]++

                impurity.currentCell++
            }
            Unit
    }

    fun printCells() {
        for (c in cell)
            print("$c ")
    }
}

enum class Direction {
    LEFT, RIGHT
}

杂质类:

class Impurity(var currentCell: Int) {
    private lateinit var thread: Thread

    init {
        Cells.addImpurity(this)
    }

    fun startMoving() {
        thread = Thread {
            while (true) {
                if (random() > P)
                    Cells.move(this, Direction.RIGHT)
                else
                    Cells.move(this, Direction.LEFT)
            }
        }

        thread.start()

    }

    fun stopMoving() = thread.interrupt()
}

和主要:

const val N = 10
const val K = 15
const val P = 0.5

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val impurities = ArrayList<Impurity>()

    for (i in 1..K)
        impurities.add(Impurity(0))

    println(Cells.cell.sum())

    startMoving(impurities)

    Thread.sleep(1000)

    stopMoving(impurities)

    Cells.printCells()

    println(Cells.cell.sum())
}

private fun startMoving(impurities: ArrayList<Impurity>) {
    for (impurity in impurities)
        impurity.startMoving()
}

private fun stopMoving(impurities: ArrayList<Impurity>) {
    for (impurity in impurities)
        impurity.stopMoving()
}

提前致谢!

标签: kotlinsynchronized

解决方案


我认为最好手动向线程发出信号,它应该通过让它包含一些它引用的标志来完成它的工作,以便知道何时退出循环。例如:

class Impurity(var currentCell: Int) {
    ...
    private var _continue = true

    fun startMoving() {
        thread = Thread {
            while (_continue) {
        }
    }

    ...

    fun stopMoving() {
        _continue = false
    }
}

此外,您可能还想等到实际线程本身作为对stopMoving. 这将确保所有线程在调用Cells.printCells. 例如,您可以将此方法添加到Impurity类中:

fun waitForEnded() = thread.join()

您可以stopMoving在主类中更新以在向每个线程发出停止信号后调用此方法:

private fun stopMoving(impurities: ArrayList<Impurity>) {
    for (impurity in impurities)
        impurity.stopMoving()
    impurities.forEach(Impurity::waitForEnded)
}

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