python - 如何在 Python 列表中指定一般 (x,y) 位置？

Question

我必须制作一个以矩阵为迷宫的迷宫游戏。我希望能够向上/向下/向右/向左移动播放器 (X)。为此，我必须定义数组的坐标 x,y 以便相应地移动它们。如何指定数组中的一般位置？

这是我的迷宫（“1”代表一堵墙，“X”代表玩家）：

level = [
    ["1","X","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," ","1"],
    ["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," ","1"]
]

start_maze = level[0][1]
end_maze = level[9][23]
print(start_maze)
print(end_maze)

for bla in level:
    print(' '.join(str(n) for n in bla))

所以迷宫的输出是： Maze

我想要做的是能够说玩家处于“bla”位置。如果玩家选择向上移动，这意味着位置现在在 x 方向变为-1，在 y 方向保持不变......我希望我足够清楚......我是 Python 新手。（使用 Python 3 顺便说一句）

这是我最初尝试过的，但没有奏效（这是为了向上移动）：

 #--MOVE = UP--
    if move == "UP":
        print(move)
        for y in range(0,len(level)):
            for x in range(0,len(level[y])):
                if level[y][x] == " ":
                    level[y][x] = level[y-1][x]
                    level[y][x] = "X"
                    print(level)
                else:
                    print('Oups - there is a wall there.')
                    try_again = input('Try Again? Y for Yes, N for No: ')
                    try_again = try_again.upper()
                    if try_again == 'Y':
                        continue           
                    else:
                        start = False       #to exit the loop and quit the program

标签： pythonarrayslistindexingmaze

Answer 1

要解决这个问题，您确实需要将玩家位置的坐标保存在一个变量中。你是正确的，你的for循环是不必要的。这是完成这项工作的一种方法，希望评论能帮助您理解。它可能会变得更流畅，但应该涵盖您需要的大部分功能。

level = [
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1"," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1"," "," ","1","1","1","1","1"],
    ["1"," "," ","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","1","1","1","1"," "," "," "," "," "," ","1"],
    ["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"," ","1"]
]

def print_level(level):
    """ Print level row-wise so that it retains its 2D shape """
    for row in level:
        print(row)

# Object to store the player coords
player = {'y': 0, 'x': 1}
level[player['y']][player['x']] = 'X'
print_level(level)

# Translate keywords into coordinate changes
move_modifications = {'UP': {'y': -1, 'x': 0},
                      'DOWN': {'y': 1, 'x': 0},
                      'LEFT': {'y':0, 'x': -1},
                      'RIGHT': {'y': 0, 'x': 1}}

# Main game loop
while True:
    move = input("Which direction?")

    # Give them the option to quit
    if move.lower() == 'exit':
        break

    if not move_modifications.get(move):
        print("Invalid input")
        continue

    coords = move_modifications[move]

    new_y = player['y'] + coords['y']
    new_x = player['x'] + coords['x']

    # Catch them if they try to leave the map
    try:
        maze_position = level[new_y][new_x]
    except IndexError:
        print("Not on map")
        continue

    if maze_position != '1':
        # Move on the map
        level[player['y']][player['x']] = ' '
        level[new_y][new_x] = 'X'

        # Update player coords
        player['y'] = new_y
        player['x'] = new_x

        # Print result
        print_level(level)
    else:
        print("Oops, there's a wall")

如果您只想打印播放器周围的区域，那么您可以使用类似下面的函数来使用列表切片。这只是一个示例方法，您可以将其用作起始基础。

def print_window(level, player_y, player_x, window_size=2):
    """ Print only the immediate surroundings of the player """
    min_y = max(0, player_y - window_size)
    max_y = min(len(level), player_y + window_size)

    min_x = max(0, player_x - window_size)
    max_x = min(len(level[0]), player_x + window_size)

    for row in level[min_y:max_y]:
        print(row[min_x:max_x])