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django - TypeError：“NoneType”对象在 Django 单元测试中不可为消息下标

问题描述

我正在尝试对在数据库中重复某些输入时返回消息的视图进行单元测试。它给了我错误TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

这是视图

@login_required
def worker_create(request):
    worker_create_form = WorkerCreateForm(request.POST)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if worker_create_form.is_valid():
            form = worker_create_form.save(commit=False)
            phone = form.phone
            check_phone = Worker.objects.filter(phone=phone)
            if check_phone.count() != 0:
                messages.error(request, 'رقم الهاتف مستخدم من قبل')
            else:
                form.save()
                return redirect('worker_list')
    else:
        worker_create_form = WorkerCreateForm(request.POST)
    context = {
        'worker_create_form': worker_create_form,
    }
    return render(request, 'erp_system/worker/create.html', context)

这是我为它创建的测试

class WorkerCreateTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        User.objects.create_user(username='test_user', email='test@gmail.com', password='test_password')
        branch = Branch.objects.create(name='test branch')
        Worker.objects.create(name="ay btngan ", phone='01207199086', branch=branch)

    def test_get_request_unauthenticated(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('worker_create'))
        url = reverse('worker_create')
        self.assertRedirects(response, '/login/?next=' + url)

    def test_get_request_authenticated(self):
        self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('worker_create'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed('erp_system/worker/create.html')

    def test_post_request_empty_data(self):
        self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
        response = self.client.post(reverse('worker_create'), {})
        self.assertFormError(response, 'worker_create_form', 'name', 'This field is required.')
        self.assertFormError(response, 'worker_create_form', 'phone', 'This field is required.')
        self.assertFormError(response, 'worker_create_form', 'branch', 'This field is required.')

    def test_post_request_invalid_data(self):
        self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
        branch = Branch.objects.create(name='test again ')
        name = 'just a name'
        for i in range(300):
            name += 'h'
        response = self.client.post(reverse('worker_create'),
                                    {'name': name, 'phone': '01207199086', 'branch': branch.id})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_post_request_duplicated_phone(self):
        self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
        branch = Branch.objects.create(name='test again ')
        response = self.client.post(reverse('worker_create'),
                                    {'name': 'test worker', 'phone': '01207199086', 'branch': branch.id})
        print(response)
        messages = list(response.context['messages'])
        self.assertEqual(len(messages), 1)
        self.assertEqual(str(messages[0]), 'رقم الهاتف مستخدم من قبل')

    def test_post_request_valid_data(self):
        self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
        branch = Branch.objects.create(name='test branch1234')
        name = 'new valid name'
        response = self.client.post(reverse('worker_create'),
                                    {'name': name, 'branch': branch.id, 'phone': '0151951115'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

重要的是 ，当我添加它时，我注意到print(response)它不仅给了我HttpResponseRedirect没有HttpResponse给出上下文的意思。为什么它在这里使用重定向！？

标签： djangounit-testing

解决方案

在您的测试test_post_request_duplicated_phone中，您向 发出 POST 请求worker_create，并且您希望检索到错误，因为给定的 已经存在记录phone。

然而，关于测试的文档 [Django-doc]提到：

TestCase另一方面，A不会在测试后截断表。相反，它将测试代码包含在一个数据库事务中，该事务在测试结束时回滚。这保证了测试结束时的回滚将数据库恢复到其初始状态。

所以这意味着，除非您实施一些“技巧”来防止这种情况发生，否则当您进入第二个测试时，一个测试（在数据库上）的副作用将消失。这是有道理的，因为重新排序测试不应导致不同的结果。

但是，您可以提前在测试中创建这样Worker的对象，从而确保测试确实会出错：

def test_post_request_duplicated_phone(self):
    self.client.login(username='test_user', password='test_password')
    branch = Branch.objects.create(name='test again ')
    Worker.objects.create(name=" just a name ", phone='01207199086', branch=branch)
    response = self.client.post(reverse('worker_create'),
                                {'name': 'test worker', 'phone': '01207199086', 'branch': branch.id})
    print(response)
    messages = list(response.context['messages'])
    self.assertEqual(len(messages), 1)
    self.assertEqual(str(messages[0]), 'رقم الهاتف مستخدم من قبل')

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