python-3.x - 获取与 IP 关联的所有主机名
问题描述
我想检索与 IP 关联的所有主机名。
在 python 中使用requests模块时遇到错误。错误包含的数据我想要那个数据。
首先我得到了 youtube.com 的 IP 我想只使用 ip 地址获取网页所以使用 ping 我得到了youtube.com的 IP 地址
知识产权172.217.163.78
然后我提出了要求
import requests
session_ = requests.Session()
res_ = session_.get('https://172.217.163.78')
错误
\Python3.7.2\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='172.217.163.78', port=443):
Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError("hostname '172.217.163.78'
doesn't match either of '*.google.com', '*.android.com',
'*.appengine.google.com', '*.cloud.google.com', '*.g.co', '*.gcp.gvt2.com', '*.ggpht.cn', '*.google-analytics.com',
'*.google.ca', '*.google.cl', '*.google.co.in',
'*.google.co.jp', '*.google.co.uk', '*.google.com.ar',
'*.google.com.au', '*.google.com.br', '*.google.com.co',
'*.google.com.mx', '*.google.com.tr', '*.google.com.vn',
'*.google.de', '*.google.es', '*.google.fr', '*.google.hu',
'*.google.it', '*.google.nl', '*.google.pl', '*.google.pt',
'*.googleadapis.com', '*.googleapis.cn',
'*.googlecommerce.com', '*.googlevideo.com', '*.gstatic.cn',
'*.gstatic.com', '*.gstaticcnapps.cn', '*.gvt1.com',
'*.gvt2.com', '*.metric.gstatic.com', '*.urchin.com',
'*.url.google.com', '*.youtube-nocookie.com',
'*.youtube.com', '*.youtubeeducation.com',
'*.youtubekids.com', '*.yt.be', '*.ytimg.com',
'android.clients.google.com', 'android.com',
'developer.android.google.cn',
'developers.android.google.cn', 'g.co', 'ggpht.cn', 'goo.gl',
'google-analytics.com', 'google.com', 'googlecommerce.com'
, 'source.android.google.cn', 'urchin.com', 'www.goo.gl',
'youtu.be', 'youtube.com', 'youtubeeducation.com',
'youtubekids.com', 'yt.be'")))
有没有办法获取上述所有主机名，有没有办法解决我遇到的SSLError问题
解决方案
这对你有用吗？
import requests
session_ = requests.Session()
res_ = session_.get('https://172.217.163.78', verify=False)
print (res_.url)
#Output
# http://www.google.com
您是否担心使用套接字而不是请求？
import socket
from pprint import pprint
ip_address = socket.gethostbyname('www.abc.com')
pprint (socket.gethostbyaddr(ip_address))
sys.exit(0)
输出
('www.pitchsharktank.com',
['250.132.181.199.in-addr.arpa',
'www.disneycampusrep.com',
'www.disneycollateral.com',
'www.disneyinternsinfo.com',
'www.missiontimekeeper.com',
'www.watchdisneyjunior.go.com',
'www.disneycastingscout.com',
'www.disneyimaginations.com',
'www.disneyprogramsblog.com',
'www.disneyvacationclub.disney.go.com',
'www.watchdisneychannel.go.com',
'www.wdwcollegeprogramecard.com',
'www.wdwcollegeprogramecard2.com',
'www.disneyinternationalepresentation.com',
many many more here],
['199.181.132.250'])
更新
我花了半天多的时间研究主机名问题。我发现这个问题很复杂，尤其是对于分配给 Google 的 IP 地址。
例如：
ping www.youtube.com
PING youtube-ui.l.google.com (64.233.185.93): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 64.233.185.93: icmp_seq=0 ttl=41 time=19.820 ms
#############################################################
nslookup www.youtube.com
www.youtube.com canonical name = youtube-ui.l.google.com.
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 172.217.11.142
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.176.190
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.177.91
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.177.93
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.177.190
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.185.91
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.185.93
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.185.136
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 64.233.185.190
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 74.125.138.190
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 74.125.196.91
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 108.177.122.91
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 108.177.122.93
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 108.177.122.136
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 108.177.122.190
Name: youtube-ui.l.google.com
Address: 172.217.0.78
#############################################################
dig www.youtube.com
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.youtube.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.youtube.com. 9446 IN CNAME youtube-ui.l.google.com.
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 64.233.185.190
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 74.125.138.136
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 74.125.138.190
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 74.125.196.91
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 74.125.196.93
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 172.217.0.78
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 172.217.0.142
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 172.217.2.46
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 172.217.4.14
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 172.217.164.78
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 173.194.219.136
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 173.194.219.190
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 64.233.177.91
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 64.233.177.93
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 64.233.177.136
youtube-ui.l.google.com. 132 IN A 64.233.177.190
您在原始问题中提供的 IP 地址不会出现在 ping、nslookup 或 dig 结果中。
在 Apple Safari、Google Chrome 和 Mozilla Firefox 中，URL https://172.217.163.78返回https://www.google.com。
Mozilla Firefox 中的 ShowIP 扩展显示https://www.youtube.com的 IP 地址是 2607:f8b0:4002:c00::88，这是一个 IPv6 地址。
我还发现了这个：
FQDN: youtube.com
Domain Name: youtube.com
Name servers: ns1.google.com
ns2.google.com
ns3.google.com
ns4.google.com
IP numbers: 2404:6800:4003:805::200e
2404:6800:4004:801::200e
2404:6800:4006:809::200e
2607:f8b0:4004:802::200e
2607:f8b0:4005:807::200e
2607:f8b0:400a:804::200e
2800:3f0:4001:80a::200e
2a00:1450:4009:812::200e
2a00:1450:400b:c01::be
74.125.193.91
74.125.193.93
74.125.193.136
74.125.193.190
172.217.7.238
172.217.24.78
172.217.30.78
216.58.195.78
216.58.197.174
216.58.203.110
216.58.206.46
216.58.217.46
LOOKUP 完全限定域名：
import socket
##############################################
# IP addresses linked to YouTube on 01-28-2019
##############################################
ip_addresses =['2404:6800:4003:805::200e',
'2404:6800:4004:801::200e',
'2404:6800:4006:809::200e',
'2607:f8b0:4004:802::200e',
'2607:f8b0:4005:807::200e',
'2607:f8b0:400a:804::200e',
'2800:3f0:4001:80a::200e',
'2a00:1450:4009:812::200e',
'2a00:1450:400b:c01::be',
'74.125.193.91',
'74.125.193.93',
'74.125.193.136',
'74.125.193.190',
'172.217.7.238',
'172.217.24.78',
'172.217.30.78',
'216.58.195.78',
'216.58.197.174',
'216.58.203.110',
'216.58.206.46',
'216.58.217.46']
for iP_address in ip_addresses:
fully_qualified_domain_name = socket.getfqdn(str(iP_address))
print (fully_qualified_domain_name)
# OUTPUT
sin10s06-in-x0e.1e100.net
nrt12s02-in-x0e.1e100.net
syd09s15-in-x0e.1e100.net
iad23s58-in-x0e.1e100.net
sfo07s16-in-x0e.1e100.net
sea15s08-in-x0e.1e100.net
2800:3f0:4001:80a::200e
lhr35s10-in-x0e.1e100.net
2a00:1450:400b:c01::be
ig-in-f91.1e100.net
ig-in-f93.1e100.net
ig-in-f136.1e100.net
ig-in-f190.1e100.net
iad23s58-in-f14.1e100.net
sin10s06-in-f14.1e100.net
gru06s34-in-f14.1e100.net
sfo07s16-in-f78.1e100.net
nrt12s02-in-f14.1e100.net
syd09s15-in-f14.1e100.net
lhr35s10-in-f14.1e100.net
sea15s08-in-f14.1e100.net
如您所见，这些 FQDN 中没有一个等于 youtube.com。
我还决定通过 ARIN 查找分配给 YouTube 的 IP 地址。下面的代码循环通过这些地址。
import socket
import ipaddress
from dns import reversename, resolver
# IPv4 addresses listed at whois.arin.net for YouTube
# 64.15.112.0/20 = number of hosts 4,096
# 104.237.160.0/19 = number of hosts 8,192
# 208.65.152.0/22 = number of hosts 1,024
# 208.117.224.0/19 = number of hosts 8,192
youtube_IPv4_addresses = ['64.15.112.0/20','104.237.160.0/19', '208.65.152.0/22', '208.117.224.0/19']
# IPv6 addresses listed at whois.arin.net for YouTube
# Start Range: 2620:11a:a000:0:0:0:0:0
# End Range: 2620:11a:a0ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
# No. of host: 309485009821345068724781056
youtube_IPv6_addresses = ['2620:11A:A000::/40']
#############################################
# This function is designed to query the IPv4
# address blocks assigned to YouTube for their
# corresponding PTR records, which are used
# for the Reverse DNS (Domain Name System)
#############################################
def get_ipv4_hostnames():
for network in youtube_IPv4_addresses:
ip_addresses = ipaddress.IPv4Network(network)
for ip_address in ip_addresses:
try:
rev_name = reversename.from_address(str(ip_address))
reversed_dns = str(resolver.query(rev_name,"PTR")[0])
print (reversed_dns)
except Exception as error:
print ('The following error occurred: \n {}'.format(error))
#############################################
# WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
#############################################
# There are 309485009821345068724781056
# possible hosts within the IPv6 address
# range assigned to YouTube at ARIN
#############################################
# WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
#############################################
#############################################
def get_ipv6_hostnames():
for network in youtube_IPv6_addresses:
ip_addresses = ipaddress.IPv6Network(network)
for ip_address in ip_addresses:
try:
fully_qualified_domain_name = socket.getfqdn(str(ip_address))
if fully_qualified_domain_name != str(ip_address):
print (fully_qualified_domain_name)
except Exception as error:
print('The following error occurred: \n {}'.format(error))