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python - TypeError：在 Tensorflow 中使用自定义指标时，“Tensor”类型的对象没有 len()

问题描述

我正在使用带有 Tensorflow 后端的 Keras 开发多类分类问题（4 类）的模型。的值y_test具有 2D 格式：

0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0

这是我用来计算平衡精度的函数：

def my_metric(targ, predict):
    val_predict = predict
    val_targ = tf.math.argmax(targ, axis=1)
    return metrics.balanced_accuracy_score(val_targ, val_predict)

这是模型：

hidden_neurons = 50
timestamps = 20
nb_features = 18

model = Sequential()

model.add(LSTM(
                units=hidden_neurons,
                return_sequences=True, 
                input_shape=(timestamps,nb_features),
                dropout=0.15
                #recurrent_dropout=0.2
              )
         )

model.add(TimeDistributed(Dense(units=round(timestamps/2),activation='sigmoid')))

model.add(Dense(units=hidden_neurons,
               activation='sigmoid'))


model.add(Flatten())

model.add(Dense(units=nb_classes,
               activation='softmax'))

model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy",
              metrics = [my_metric],
              optimizer='adadelta')

当我运行此代码时，我收到此错误：

-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- TypeError Traceback (最近一次调用最后一次) in () 30 model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy", 31 metrics = [my_metric], #'accuracy', ---> 32 优化器='adadelta')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/training.py 在编译（自我，优化器，损失，指标，loss_weights，sample_weight_mode，weighted_metrics，target_tensors，**kwargs）449 output_metrics = nested_metrics [i ] 450 output_weighted_metrics = nested_weighted_metrics [i] --> 451 handle_metrics(output_metrics) 452 handle_metrics(output_weighted_metrics, weights=weights) 453

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/training.py in handle_metrics(metrics, weights) 418 metric_result = weighted_metric_fn(y_true, y_pred, 419 weights=weights, --> 420 mask=masks[ i]) 421 422 # 附加到 self.metrics_names, self.metric_tensors,

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/training_utils.py in weighted(y_true, y_pred, weights, mask) 402 """ 403 # score_array has ndim >= 2 --> 404 score_array = fn(y_true, y_pred) 405 if mask is not None: 406 # 将掩码转换为 floatX 以避免 Theano 中的 float64 向上转换

在 my_metric(targ, predict) 22 val_predict = predict 23 val_targ = tf.math.argmax(targ, axis=1) ---> 24 return metrics.balanced_accuracy_score(val_targ, val_predict) 25 #return 5 26

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/metrics/classification.py in balance_accuracy_score(y_true, y_pred, sample_weight,adjusted)
1431 1432 """ -> 1433 C = chaos_matrix(y_true, y_pred, sample_weight= sample_weight) 1434 with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'): 1435
per_class = np.diag(C) / C.sum(axis=1)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/metrics/classification.py inconfusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred, labels, sample_weight) 251 252 """ --> 253 y_type, y_true, y_pred = _check_targets(y_true , y_pred) 254 如果 y_type 不在 ("binary", "multiclass"): 255 raise ValueError("%s is not supported" % y_type)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/metrics/classification.py in _check_targets(y_true, y_pred) 69 y_pred : 数组或指标矩阵 70 """ ---> 71 check_consistent_length(y_true, y_pred) 72 type_true = type_of_target(y_true) 73 type_pred = type_of_target(y_pred)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in check_consistent_length(*arrays) 229 """ 230 --> 231 lengths = [_num_samples(X) for X in arrays if X is不是无] 232 唯一 = np.unique(lengths) 233 如果 len(uniques) > 1:

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in (.0) 229 """ 230 --> 231 lengths = [_num_samples(X) for X in arrays if X is not无] 232 uniques = np.unique(lengths) 233 如果 len(uniques) > 1：

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in _num_samples(x) 146 return x.shape[0] 147 else: --> 148 return len(x) 149 else: 150返回长度（x）

TypeError：“张量”类型的对象没有 len()

标签： pythontensorflowmachine-learningkerasscikit-learn

解决方案

您不能在 Keras 张量上调用 sklearn 函数。如果您使用的是 TF 后端，您需要使用 Keras 的后端函数或 TensorFlow 函数自己实现该功能。

balanced_accuracy_score定义为在每列中获得的召回率的平均值。检查此链接以了解精确度和召回率的实现。至于balanced_accuracy_score，您可以按如下方式实现：

import keras.backend as K

def balanced_recall(y_true, y_pred):
    """
    Computes the average per-column recall metric
    for a multi-class classification problem
    """ 
    true_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_true * y_pred, 0, 1)), axis=0)  
    possible_positives = K.sum(K.round(K.clip(y_true, 0, 1)), axis=0)   
    recall = true_positives / (possible_positives + K.epsilon())    
    balanced_recall = K.mean(recall)
    return balanced_recall

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