首页 > 解决方案 > C++17 中的 Python 风格装饰器

问题描述

我正在使用最新的可用 C++ 技术制作类似 python 的装饰器。我已经在这里看到了一些解决方案(类似 Python 的 C++ 装饰器),但我想知道它是否可以做得更好。在其他人的帮助下(从 lambda 构造 std::function 参数)我想出了以下解决方案。

template<typename TWrapped>
auto DurationAssertDecorator(const std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration& maxDuration, TWrapped&& wrapped)
{
    return [wrapped = std::forward<TWrapped>(wrapped), maxDuration](auto&&... args)
    {
        const auto startTimePoint = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

        static_assert(std::is_invocable<TWrapped, decltype(args)...>::value, "Wrapped object must be invocable");

        if constexpr (!(std::is_void<decltype(wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...))>::value))
        {
            // return by reference will be here not converted to return by value?
            //auto result = wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);

            decltype(wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...)) result = wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);

            const auto endTimePoint = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
            const auto callDuration = endTimePoint - startTimePoint;
            assert(callDuration <= maxDuration);

            return result;
        }
        else
        {
            wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);

            const auto endTimePoint = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
            const auto callDuration = endTimePoint - startTimePoint;
            assert(callDuration <= maxDuration);
        }
    };
}

我不会故意使用下面的“auto”来确保返回类型是我所期望的(或至少兼容)。

我可以将它与任何可调用对象一起使用:无状态 lambda、有状态 lambda、结构函子、函数指针、std::function

std::function<double(double)> decorated = DurationAssertDecorator(1s, [](const double temperature) { return temperature + 5.0; });
double a = decorated (4);

构图也应该没问题:

std::function<double()> wrapped = LogDecorator(logger, [] { return 4.0; });
std::function<double()> wrapped_wrapped = DurationAssertDecorator(1s, functor);

这应该不行 - int literal 5 不是可调用的:

std::function<void(double)> decorated = DurationAssertDecorator(1s, 5);

到目前为止,它确实可以解决问题:

标签: c++lambdastlc++17

解决方案


我已经意识到,如果我将 RAII 对象用于调用前和调用后的活动,我可以进一步简化代码。不再需要处理 void 和非 void 返回值。

template<typename TWrapped>
auto DurationAssertDecorator(const std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration& maxDuration, TWrapped&& wrapped)
{
    return [wrapped = std::forward<TWrapped>(wrapped), maxDuration](auto&&... args) mutable
    {
        static_assert(std::is_invocable<TWrapped, decltype(args)...>::value, "Wrapped object must be invocable");

        struct Aspect
        {
            // Precall logic goes into the constructor
            Aspect(const std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration& maxDuration)
                : _startTimePoint(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now())
                , _maxDuration(maxDuration)
            {}

            // Postcall logic goes into the destructor
            ~Aspect()
            {
                const auto endTimePoint = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
                const auto callDuration = endTimePoint - _startTimePoint;
                assert(callDuration <= _maxDuration);
            }

            const std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point _startTimePoint;
            const std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration& _maxDuration;
        } aspect(maxDuration);

        return wrapped(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
    };
}

它适用于正常的用例:

auto wrappedFunctor = DurationAssertDecorator(1s, [](const double temperature)  { return temperature; });

我还想使用非常量函子来处理它,比如可变 lambda:

auto wrappedFunctor = DurationAssertDecorator(1s, 
    [firstCall = true](const double temperature) mutable
    {
        if (firstCall)
        {
            firstCall = false;
            return temperature;
        }
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(2s);
        return temperature;
    });

所以我对这个解决方案很满意。


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