首页 > 解决方案 > 响应式/流体设计:使用线性插值进行布局

问题描述

我尝试做类似的事情: CSS Poly Fluid Sizing using calc(), vw, breakpoints and linear equations

到目前为止,这是我想出的:

    #square1 {
        background-color: blue;
        margin: 10px 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 50px;
    }
    
    #square2 {
        background-color: yellow;
        margin: 10px auto;
        width: calc(100% - 20 * (100vw - 600px)/40);
        height: 50px;
    }
    
    #square3 {
        background-color:green;
        margin: 10px auto;
        width: calc(100% - 20 * (max(100vw, 600px) - 600px)/40);
        height: 50px;
    }
    
    #square4 {
        background-color: red;
        margin: 10px auto;
        width: calc(min(100vw, (100% - 20 * (100vw - 600px)/40)));
        height: 50px;
    }
<div id="square1"></div>
<div id="square2"></div>
<div id="square3"></div>
<div id="square4"></div>

Square 1仅供参考。

Square 2以某种方式起作用,但这只是因为我任意乘以因子 20。为什么它有效?

正方形 3 和 4应避免在视口小于 600px 的情况下水平溢出。两种解决方案都不起作用。

链接到这里的小提琴

有任何想法吗?谢谢你。

PS:我不专业。

标签: htmlcssresponsive-designlinear-interpolation

解决方案


这个问题的简短回答是:

/* for IE, Opera, Android and older browsers */
.rectangle { width: calc(55vw + 270px) }
@media (max-width:  600px) { .rectangle { width: 100% } }
@media (min-width: 1800px) { .rectangle { width:  70% } }

/* modern browsers */
.rectangle { width: max(70%, min(100%, calc(55vw + 270px))) }

为了能够使用“线性方程”,我们需要在 XY 空间中的两个点p1(x1,y1)p2(x2,y2),它们在最小和最大视口尺寸下描绘最小和最大尺寸。

幸运的是,OP 给了我们一些限制:

  • 视口宽度 <= 600px,元素宽度100%
  • 视口宽度 >= 1800px,元素宽度70%
  • viewport width > 600px and < 1800px,元素宽度用线性方程计算

使用这些约束,我们可以定义线性方程所需的两个点:

  • 在视口宽度600px = x1处,元素宽度为 100%(600px 为600px = y1
  • 在视口宽度1800px = x2处,元素宽度为 70%(1800px 为1260px = y2

我们有两个等式可供使用:

  1. Y截距形式:y = mx + b
  2. 点斜率形式:y = y1 + m(x - x1)

(查看MathIsFun: Equation of a Straight Line,易于理解的中学解释,非常值得一读)。

在哪里

  • m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)

  • x = 始终定义为 100vmin、vw、vh 或 vmax,具体取决于:

    • 视口宽度/高度独立结果(例如字体大小、填充、边距)
    • 视口宽度或高度相关的结果(例如宽度、高度、填充、边距)
  • b = y1 - m * x1(见中页:https ://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/52848.html )

取代

  1. y = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * x + (y - (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * x1)
  2. y = y1 + (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * (x - x1)

完全替代的“点斜率形式”是最短的,但为了节省 CPU 负载,我选择进行一些手动计算并在我的最终 CSS calc()中使用 Y 截距形式。

通过使用点p1(600,600)p2(1800,1260)手动计算“m”“b” ,我们将产生可以在 CSS calc()中使用的最终方程:

  • m = (1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) = 0.55
  • b = 600 - 0.55 * 600 = 270
  • y = mx + b 变为:y = 0.55x + 270(最终方程)

width在这种情况下,视口宽度取决于视口,因此我们将视口单元vw用于“x”

.rectangle { width: calc(0.55 * 100vw + 270px) } /* initially */
.rectangle { width: calc(55vw + 270px) }         /* simplified */

/* with min/max constraints */
.rectangle { width: max(70%, min(100%, calc(55vw + 270px))) }

片段

var root      = document.documentElement;
var body      = document.body;
var rectangle = document.getElementById('demo');

// Polyfill FOR IE11, used for rounding
if (Number.EPSILON === undefined) { Number.EPSILON = Math.pow(2, -52); }

function updateSpecs() {
var txt = "<table><tbody>";
    txt += "<tr><td><b>#demo width/height<sup>*</sup></b>:" + "</td><td>" + rectangle.clientWidth + "/" + Math.round(((rectangle.clientWidth/root.clientWidth*100) + Number.EPSILON) * 1000) / 1000 + "%</td></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td><br></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td>Screen width/height:"        + "</td><td>" + screen.width       + "*" + screen.height      + "</td></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td>window width/height:"        + "</td><td>" + window.innerWidth  + "*" + window.innerHeight + "</td></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td><br></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td>HTML width/height:"          + "</td><td>" + root.clientWidth   + "*" + root.clientHeight  + "</td></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td>BODY width/height:"          + "</td><td>" + body.clientWidth   + "*" + body.clientHeight  + "</td></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td><br></tr>";
    txt += "<tr><td colspan='2'><b><sup>*</sup></b>check width 600px and 1800px</tr>";
    txt += "</tbody></table>";

    document.getElementById("specs").innerHTML = txt;
}

updateSpecs() // first run

window.addEventListener('resize', updateSpecs);
/**************************/
/* preferred global rules */
/**************************/
html,body               { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 }
*::before,*::after, *   { box-sizing: inherit }

/* debugging output */
#specs { width: 100%; padding: 5rem; font-family: monospace }

/* rectangle eye-candy only */
.rectangle { background-color: purple; margin: 10px auto; height: 50px }

/* use of linear equation */
/* CSS for IE, Opera, Android and older browsers */
.rectangle { width: calc(55vw + 270px) } /* p1(600,600) p2(1800,1260) */
@media (max-width:  600px) { .rectangle { width: 100% } }
@media (min-width: 1800px) { .rectangle { width:  70% } }

/* CSS for modern browsers, no @media required */
#rectangle { width: max(70%, min(100%, calc(55vw + 270px))) }

/*
    NO MORE CSS BELOW THIS LINE, explanation and examples only
*/
/*
    LINEAR EQUATION, generic math
    math reference: https://www.mathsisfun.com/equation_of_line.html

    USING POINTS
        p1(x1,y1) - 1st point on an YX-graph => minimum viewport size, min required size limit 
        p2(x2,y2) - 2nd point on an YX-graph => maximum viewport size, max required size limit 

        parameter definition:
        p1(vp_minimum, size_at_vp_minimum)
        p2(vp_maximum, size_at_vp_maximum)

    WHERE
        x-axis: viewport size (either width or height of the browser window, device pixel, etc.)
        y-axis: required size (of font, width, height, padding, margin, etc.)

    CALCULATE
        y = required responsive size, the CSS calc() result

    WITH EITHER EQUATION
        1) point slope form: y - y1 = m(x - x1)
            simplified  y = y1 + m(x - x1)
            substituted y = y1 + (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * (x - x1)

        2) y-intercept form: y = mx + b
            substituted y = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * x + (y1 - (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * x1)

        where
            m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)

            x = always defined as 100vmin,vw,vh or vmax depending on:
                - viewport width/height independent result (e.g. fontsize, padding, margin)
                - either viewport width or height dependent result (e.g. width, height, padding, margin) 

            b = y1 - m * x1 (see halfway: http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/52848.html)

    RESULTING CSS 
        use either of six variations depending on
         - pre calculated values
         - SCSS pre-processor
         - CSS custom variables
         - CPU load

        vx = is either 100vmin,vw,vh or vmax

        1) point slope form
            a) calc( y1 + m * (100vx - x1) ) or
            b) calc( y1 + (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * (100vx - x1) )

        2) y-intercept form
            a) calc( m * 100vx + b )
            b) calc( m * 100vx + (y1 - m * x1) )
            c) calc( (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * 100vx + b )
            d) calc( (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * 100vx + (y1 - (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) * x1) )

    NOTE: simplify 'mx' in (m * 100vx) by multiplying m * 100 and then use the vmin,vh,vw,vmax unit
          e.g. y = 0.01 * 100vw =>  y = 1vw  
*/

/* 
    LINEAR EQUATION, specific math for Stackoverflow question 54969190

    points p1(x1= 600,y1= 600) where x1 =  600px (min vp) and y1 =  600 = 100% of  600 (width at vp  600px)
           p2(x2=1800,y2=1260) where x2 = 1800px (max vp) and y2 = 1260 =  70% of 1800 (width at vp 1800px)

    Using y-intercept form 'y=mx+b' and manually calculating 'm' and 'b' our final equation will be

    m = (1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) = 0.55
    b = 600 - 0.55 * 600 = 270
    y = 0.55x + 270

    'width' is in this case viewport width dependent, so use viewport unit VW for 'x'

    => CSS calc(0.55 * 100vw + 270px)
    => simplified calc(55vw + 270px)

    All below CSS calculation yield the same value for 'width'
*/
/* 1a) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc(600px + 0.55 * (100vw - 600px))));/**/
/* 1b) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc(600px + (1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) * (100vw - 600px))));/**/
/* 2a) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc(55vw + 270px))); /* preferred, least CPU intensive */
/* 2b) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc(0.55 * 100vw + (600 - 0.55 * 600) * 1px)));/**/
/* 2c) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc((1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) * 100vw + 270px)));/**/
/* 2d) *//* width : max(70%, min(100%, calc((1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) * 100vw + (600 - (1260 - 600) / (1800 - 600) * 600) * 1px)));/**/
<div id="demo" class="rectangle"></div>
<div id="specs"></div>


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