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python - 在 python 3.7.2 中使用请求发送 JSON Post

问题描述

所以我试图使用 python 将帖子发送到一个 url，我基本上已经从我的网络控制台中复制了所有内容，但我无法让它工作。

import requests
import json

url = 'https://www.example.com/example?handle'
cookie = {'UID':'b56f14d8-02b1-4ae8-ad5e-3485cf0abdbe'}
data ={'example':'example'}
headers = {'Accept':'*/*',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language':'en-US,en;q=0.5',
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'Content-Length':'78',
'Content-Type':'text/plain;charset=UTF-8',
'Cookie':'UID=b56f14d8-02b1-4ae8-ad5e-3485cf0abdbe',
'Host':'www.example.com',
'Referer':'https:/example.com/example',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:65.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/65.0'}


req = requests.post(url, cookies=cookie, params=json.dumps(data), headers=headers)

print(req)

我已经用示例替换了实际数据和 url。运行后，我得到一个很大的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32    \lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen
chunked=chunked)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 384, in _make_request
six.raise_from(e, None)
  File "<string>", line 2, in raise_from
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 380, in _make_request
httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1321, in getresponse
response.begin()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 296, in begin
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 257, in _read_status
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\ssl.py", line 1052, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\ssl.py", line 911, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 449, in send
timeout=timeout
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 638, in urlopen
_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 367, in increment
raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\packages\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen
chunked=chunked)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 384, in _make_request
six.raise_from(e, None)
  File "<string>", line 2, in raise_from
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 380, in _make_request
httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1321, in getresponse
response.begin()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 296, in begin
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\http\client.py", line 257, in _read_status
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\ssl.py", line 1052, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\ssl.py", line 911, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host', None, 10054, None))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Kaiser/Documents/python ddoser.py", line 19, in <module>
req = requests.post(url, cookies=cookie, params=json.dumps(data).encode('UTF-8'), headers=headers)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 116, in post
return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 60, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 533, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 646, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Kaiser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 498, in send
raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.',     ConnectionResetError(10054, 'An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host', None, 10054, None))

有谁知道我可能做错了什么。对不起，如果它是一个菜鸟的错误。

标签： pythonjsonhttpgetpython-requests

解决方案

当 Web 服务器拒绝您的连接时会发生此错误。Web 服务器可能会出于各种原因拒绝您的连接。很可能，您没有正确模拟 Web 服务器所期望的 HTTP 请求。

您不必手动填写所有 HTTP 参数，例如内容长度。图书馆会自动为您填写这些字段。如果您打算使用相同的 cookie 发出后续 HTTP 请求，请考虑创建一个会话对象，该对象为您存储和处理 cookie：

session = requests.Session()
session.post(url, data=payload)

另外，实现参数和参数的区别。由于您正在发送 POST 请求，因此 Web 服务器可能希望通过参数传递数据（将数据放在请求正文中，而不是 URL 中的查询字符串）。Web 服务器可能拒绝您的连接的另一个原因是因为您发送的是 HTTP 请求而不是 HTTPS 请求，因此请始终确保一切正确。dataparamsdata

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