java - 使用 Mockito 在客户端测试 POST 请求

Question

我想测试应该向“服务器”发送发布请求的发布方法（所以我想模拟来自服务器的响应并检查响应）。另外，我想测试响应在正文中是否包含 http 状态 OK。问题：我应该如何使用 mockito 来做到这一点？

我在客户端（客户端）中的发布方法：

public class Client{
        public static void sendUser(){

        String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";

        HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));

        User test = new User();
        test.setName("test");
        test.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        test.setScore(205);

        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);

        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);

        if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
            System.out.println("user response: OK");
        }

      }
  }

我的控制器在另一个模块（服务器端）：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController
{
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @PostMapping("/add")
    public ResponseEntity addUserToDb(@RequestBody User user) throws Exception
    {
        userRepository.save(user);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
    }

测试：

    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@SpringBootTest(classes = Client.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ClientTest
{

    private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate; 

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void configureRestMVC()
    {
        mockServer =
                MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
    }

    @Test
    public void testRquestUserAddObject() throws Exception
    {

        User user = new User("test", "mail", 2255);

        Gson gson = new Gson();

        String json = gson.toJson(user );

        mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("http://localhost:8080/user/add")).andRespond(withSuccess());


        this.mockMvc.perform(post("http://localhost:8080/user/add")
                .content(json)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().json(json));
    }

}

现在我收到了这个错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'ClientTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'restTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

标签： javaspringunit-testingpostmockito

Answer 1

根据您的 Client 类，建议进行以下更改，以使其更好地可测试：

    //  class
    public class Client {

        /*** restTemplate unique instance for every unique HTTP server. ***/
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;

        public ResponseEntity<String> sendUser() {

        String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";

        HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));

        User test = new User();
        test.setName("test");
        test.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        test.setScore(205);

        HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);

        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);

        if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
            System.out.println("user response: OK");
        }
        return response;
      }
  }

然后在上面我们将 Junit 设置为：

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class ClientTest {

  private String RESULT = "Assert result";

  @Mock
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @InjectMocks
  private Client client;

  /**
   * any setting needed before load of test class
   */
  @Before
  public void setUp() {
    // not needed as of now
  }

  // testing an exception scenario
  @Test(expected = RestClientException.class)
  public void testSendUserForExceptionScenario() throws RestClientException {

    doThrow(RestClientException.class).when(restTemplate)
        .exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
    // expect RestClientException
    client.sendUser();
  }

  @Test
  public void testSendUserForValidScenario() throws RestClientException {

    // creating expected response
    User user= new User("name", "mail", 6609); 
    Gson gson = new Gson(); 
    String json = gson.toJson(user); 
    doReturn(new ResponseEntity<String>(json, HttpStatus.OK)).when(restTemplate)
        .exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
    // expect proper response
    ResponseEntity<String> response =
        (ResponseEntity<String>) client.sendUser();
    assertEquals(this.RESULT, HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
  }
}

基本上在您的sendResponse()功能中，我们正在执行以下操作：

// we are getting URL , creating requestHeader
// finally creating HttpEntity<User> request 
// and then passing them restTemplate.exchange 
// and then restTemplate is doing its job to make a HTPP connection and getresponse...
// and then we are prinnting the response... somestuff 

因此，在其相应的测试中，我们还应该只测试函数正在做什么，因为连接正在被处理restTemplate并且你没有覆盖任何工作，restTemplate所以我们不应该做任何事情......而只是测试我们的代码/逻辑。

最后，确保导入看起来像：

可以肯定的是，进口将是这样的：

import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; 
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; 
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; 
import org.springframework.http.MediaType; 
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; 
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

希望这可以帮助。