首页 > 解决方案 > 运行恒定数量的 goroutine

问题描述

我不完全确定这里发生了什么,所以很难概括我的问题,但我会尽力而为。

在几年前的一段视频中,马特·帕克(Matt Parker)敢于让他的观众找到 2 的幂,其中不包含任何 2 的幂的数字。(例如,2^16 = 65536。这些数字都不是 2 的幂)。最近我开始学习 Go,我认为这将是一个很好的入门练习来习惯这门语言。

我很快就创建了这个,然后我决定尝试让它并发以充分利用我的四核处理器。这是事情走下坡路的地方。

这里的目标是运行恒定数量的 goroutine,每个 goroutine 处理不同批次的数字。我像这样实现了这个程序:

package main

import (
    "log"
    "math/big"
    "runtime"
)

//The maximum amount of goroutines
const routineAmt int = 3

//The amount of numbers for each routine to check
const rangeSize int64 = 5000

//The current start of the range to start checking
var rangeIndex int64 = 0

func main() {
    //loop forever
    for {
        //if we have less routines running than the maximum
        if runtime.NumGoroutine() < routineAmt {
            c := make(chan bool)
            // start a new one to check the next range:
            go checkRange(rangeIndex, rangeIndex+rangeSize, c)
            // wait for the signal that the values have been copied to the function, so that we can increment them safely:
            <-c
            close(c)
            // increment the rangeIndex for the next routine which will start:
            rangeIndex += rangeSize
        }
    }
}

// Function to check a range of powers of two, whether they contain any power-of-two-digits
func checkRange(from, to int64, c chan bool) {
    c <- true // signal to the main routine that the parameter values have been copied

    // Loop through the range for powers of two, which do not contain any power-of-two-digits
    for i := from; i < to; i++ {
        num := big.NewInt(2)
        num.Exp(num, big.NewInt(i), nil)
        if !hasStringPowerOfTwo(num.String()) {
            log.Println("Found 2 ^", i)
        }
    }
    log.Printf("Checked range %d-%d\n", from, to)
}

// Function to check if a string contains any number which is a power of two
func hasStringPowerOfTwo(input string) bool {
    powersOfTwo := [4]rune{'1', '2', '4', '8'}
    for _, char := range input {
        if runeInArray(char, powersOfTwo) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

// Function to check if a list of runes contains a certain rune
func runeInArray(a rune, list [4]rune) bool {
    for _, b := range list {
        if b == a {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

等了大约 15 分钟左右,程序还是没有完成一个 goroutine(也就是我log.Printf("Checked range %d-%d\n", from, to)在控制台没有看到)

我尝试将范围大小降低到 5,这导致完成了一些 goroutine,但它突然停止在 2840-2845 范围内。我认为这可能是由于数字越来越大并且计算需要更多时间,但这没有意义,因为停止非常突然。如果是这种情况,我预计放缓至少会有点渐进。

标签: goconcurrency

解决方案


你不应该使用带有检查的 for 循环runtime.NumGoroutine来确保你没有运行太多的例程,因为循环会阻止 goruntime 正确地安排你的例程,它会减慢整个过程。

相反,您应该使用一个缓冲通道,该通道在例程完成时发出信号,以便您可以开始一个新的。

我已经调整了你的main功能和checkRange功能:

func main() {
        var done = make(chan struct{}, routineAmt)
        //loop forever
        for i := 0; i < routineAmt; i++ {
                // start a new one to check the next range:
                go checkRange(done, rangeIndex, rangeIndex+rangeSize)
                // increment the rangeIndex for the next routine which will start:
                rangeIndex += rangeSize
        }

        for range done {
                // start a new one to check the next range:
                go checkRange(done, rangeIndex, rangeIndex+rangeSize)
                // increment the rangeIndex for the next routine which will start:
                rangeIndex += rangeSize
        }
}

// Function to check a range of powers of two, whether they contain any power-of-two-digits
func checkRange(done chan<- struct{}, from, to int64) {
        // Loop through the range for powers of two, which do not contain any power-of-two-digits
        for i := from; i < to; i++ {
                num := big.NewInt(2)
                num.Exp(num, big.NewInt(i), nil)
                if !hasStringPowerOfTwo(num.String()) {
                        log.Println("Found 2 ^", i)
                }
        }
        log.Printf("Checked range %d-%d\n", from, to)

        // let our main go routine know we're done with this one
        done <- struct{}{}
}

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