oop - 调试此模型的第一步是什么？如何进行？
问题描述
在 OpenModelica 中进行调试似乎变得越来越难，因为我对它了解得越多，并且意识到我的经验是多么少。
我一直在阅读很多 OpenModelica 调试文献，并且大多数文章似乎只是在调试时触及了表面。我读过的最有帮助的文章是 Modelica 社区中非常杰出的人物 Martin Sjolund 的“基于方程的模型的分析、调试和性能改进的工具和方法”。不幸的是，我没有能够阅读所有 Sjlund 博士的书的背景/经验。甚至 OpenModelica 用户指南似乎也几乎没有在整个调试过程中进行迭代，剩下的就是在用户端弄清楚。
在我的模型成功 1. 检查和 2. 展平（实例化）之后，我永远不知道会发生什么。算法调试器对我来说仍然是个谜。
编辑：我遇到问题的模型代码
型号 HRSG_WaterDrum_HXVersion
///当前版本：阶段状态：留待解释/猜测。这可以切换回来。量也应探讨。. . 相对于小质量流量，从库模型中提取的体积非常小。当前版本：V & SA = 1///
ThermoPower.Water.Drum Drum(
Cm = 4.08e6 * 1.195e-2,
DrumOrientation = 1,
Kcs = 0.01,
Ks = 100,
L = 1.455,
afd = 0.0,
gl = 300,
gv = 150,
hlstart = 203.22e3,
hvstart = 203.22e3,
lm = 19,
pstart =
100e5,
rext = 0.125,
rint = 0.115,
tauc = 5,
tauev = 15) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-49, 3}, extent =
{{-21, -21}, {21, 21}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.SinkMassFlow Blowdown annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-10, -32}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.Flow1DFV2ph Downcomer(
A = 1.903e-3,
Cfnom = 0.01,
Dhyd = 0.04922,
DynamicMomentum = false,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Colebrook,
H = -15.923,
Kfc = 1,
L = 15.923,
N = 2,
dpnom = 100,
e = 6.1e-4,
hstartin = 1407.6e3,
hstartout = 1407.6e3,
omega = 0.1546,
pstart = 100e5,
wnf = 0.3,
wnom = 21.5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-64, -50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = -90)));
ThermoPower.Thermal.MetalTubeFV Downcomer_Wall(
L = 15.923,
Nw = 1,
Tstart1 = 540,
TstartN = 540,
WallRes = true,
lambda = 19,
rext = 0.03015,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rint = 0.02461) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-48, -50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 90)));
ThermoPower.Water.Header HeaderLower(
Cm = 4.08e6 * 4.51e-4,
S = 1,
Tmstart = 540,
V = 1,
gamma = 2000,
hstart = 1407.6e3,
noInitialPressure = true,
pstart = 101.18e5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-30, -96}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.PressDrop PressureDrop(
A = 5.62e-5,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kinetic,
K = 3,
Kfc = 2,
dpnom = 80000,
wnf = 0.1,
wnom = 21.5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {38, -96}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.Header HeaderUpper(
Cm = 4.08e6 * 4.51e-4,
FluidPhaseStart = ThermoPower.Choices.FluidPhase.FluidPhases.TwoPhases,
S = 1,
Tmstart = 311.1 + 273.15,
V = 1,
gamma = 2000,
hstart = 2724.7e3,
noInitialPressure = true,
pstart = 100.2e5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {72, -36}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 90)));
ThermoPower.Water.Flow1DFV2ph Pipe2Drum(
A = 5.557e-4,
Cfnom = 0.01,
Dhyd = 0.0266,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
H = 2.779,
HydraulicCapacitance = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.HCtypes.Upstream,
L = 2.779,
N = 2,
Nt = 1,
dpnom = 17000,
e = 9.9e-4,
hstartin = 2724.7e3,
hstartout = 2724.7e3,
noInitialPressure = true,
omega = 0.0835,
pstart = 100e5,
wnf = 0.1,
wnom = 21.5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {19, -9}, extent =
{{-11, 11}, {11, -11}}, rotation = 180)));
ThermoPower.Thermal.MetalTubeFV Pipe2Drum_Wall(
L = 2.779,
Nw = 1,
Tstart1 = 584.25,
TstartN = 584.25,
WallRes = true,
lambda = 19,
rext = 0.0167,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rint = 0.0133) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {19, 9}, extent = {{-11,
-11}, {11, 11}}, rotation = 180)));
ThermoPower.Water.Flow1DFV2ph Pipe2SH(
A = 3.301 - 4,
Cfnom = 0.004,
Dhyd = 0.0205,
DynamicMomentum = false,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
H = 0,
HydraulicCapacitance = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.HCtypes.Downstream,
L = 11.48,
N = 2,
Nt = 1,
dpnom = 2000,
hstartin = 2724.7e3,
hstartout = 2724.7e3,
omega = 0.0644,
pstart = 100e5,
wnom = 0.06) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-20, 50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Thermal.MetalTubeFV Pipe2SH_Wall(
L = 11.480,
Nw = 1,
Tstart1 = 584.25,
TstartN = 584.25,
WallRes = true,
lambda = 19,
rext = 0.01305,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rint = 0.01025) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-20, 66}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 180)));
ThermoPower.Water.ValveVap VaporValve(
Av = 2.7e-5,
CvData = ThermoPower.Choices.Valve.CvTypes.Av,
dpnom = 2e+06,
pnom = 95e5,
useThetaInput = true,
wnom = 2 * 0.06) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {70, 50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Thermal.MetalTubeFV Pipe2Valve_Wall(
L = 6.6,
Nw = 1,
Tstart1 = 633.15,
TstartN = 633.15,
WallRes = true,
lambda = 19,
rext = 0.01275,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rint = 0.0100) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {40, 66}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 180)));
ThermoPower.Water.Flow1DFV2ph Pipe2Valve(
A = 3.142e-4,
Cfnom = 0.004,
Dhyd = 0.02,
DynamicMomentum = false,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
H = 0,
HydraulicCapacitance = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.HCtypes.Upstream,
L = 6.6,
N = 2,
Nt = 1,
dpnom = 1000,
hstartin = 2962.1e3,
hstartout = 2962.1e3,
omega = 0.0628,
pstart = 96e5,
wnf = 0.1,
wnom = 0.06) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {40, 50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.SinkPressure Sink(
p0 = 95e5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {100, 50}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
inner ThermoPower.System system annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-90, 90}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput DrumPressure annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {110, -10}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0), iconTransformation(origin = {110,
-10}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput DrumLevel annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {110, -38}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0), iconTransformation(origin = {110,
-38}, extent = {{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput Valve_Opening annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {90, 80}, extent = {{8,
-8}, {-8, 8}}, rotation = 0), iconTransformation(origin = {90, 80}, extent
= {{8, -8}, {-8, 8}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.HE SH(
Cfnom_F = 0.01,
Cfnom_G = 0.01,
FFtype_F = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
FFtype_G = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
Kfnom_F = 0,
Kfnom_G = 0,
N_F = 2,
N_G = 2,
Tstartbar_G(displayUnit = "K") = 787.72,
dpnom_F = 100,
dpnom_G = 100,
exchSurface_F = 2.752,
exchSurface_G = 2.752,
extSurfaceTub = 5.504,
fluidNomFlowRate = 21.5,
fluidNomPressure = 1e+07,
fluidVol = 0.01376,
gasNomFlowRate = 169.755,
gasNomPressure = 101325,
gasVol = 0.01376,
lambda = 19,
metalVol = 0.01376,
pstart_F = 1e+07,
pstart_G = 101325,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rhonom_F(displayUnit = "kg/m3") = 997,
rhonom_G = 1) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {10, 50}, extent = {{10,
-10}, {-10, 10}}, rotation = 90)));
ThermoPower.Gas.SourceMassFlow Source_FlueGas(
redeclare package Medium = ThermoPower.Media.FlueGas,
T = 514.57 + 273.15, Xnom = {0.23, 0.02, 0.01, 0.04, 0.7},
p0 = 101325,
w0 = 167.755) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {0, 90}, extent = {{-10,
-10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.HE Economizer(
Cfnom_F = 0.01,
Cfnom_G = 0.01,
FFtype_G = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
Kfnom_G = 0,
N_F = 2,
N_G = 2,
Tstartbar_G = 604.74,
dpnom_F = 100,
dpnom_G = 100,
exchSurface_F = 2.752,
exchSurface_G = 2.752,
extSurfaceTub = 5.504,
fluidNomFlowRate = 21.5,
fluidNomPressure = 1e+07,
fluidVol = 0.01376,
gasNomFlowRate = 169.755,
gasNomPressure = 101325,
gasVol = 0.01376,
lambda = 19,
metalVol = 0.01376,
pstart_F = 1e+07,
pstart_G = 101325,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rhonom_F(displayUnit = "kg/m3") = 997,
rhonom_G = 1) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-132, 0}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 90)));
ThermoPower.Water.Flow1DFV2ph Pipe2DrumFeed(
A = 3.301e-4,
Cfnom = 0.004,
Dhyd = 0.0205,
DynamicMomentum = false,
FFtype = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.FFtypes.Cfnom,
FluidPhaseStart = ThermoPower.Choices.FluidPhase.FluidPhases.Liquid,
H = 0,
HydraulicCapacitance = ThermoPower.Choices.Flow1D.HCtypes.Downstream,
L = 10,
N = 2,
Nt = 1,
dpnom = 2000,
hstartin = 1407.6e3,
hstartout = 1407.6e3,
omega = 0.0644,
pstart = 100e5,
wnom = 0.06) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-96, 0}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Thermal.MetalTubeFV Pipe2DrumFeed_Wall(
L = 11.480,
Nw = 1,
Tstart1 = 584.25,
TstartN = 584.25,
WallRes = true,
lambda = 19,
rext = 0.01305,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rint = 0.01025) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-96, 16}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 180)));
ThermoPower.Gas.SinkPressure Sink_FlueGas(
redeclare package Medium = ThermoPower.Media.FlueGas, T = 185.25 + 273.15,
Xnom = {0.23, 0.02, 0.01, 0.04, 0.7},
p0 = 101325) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-122, 34}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.Water.SourceMassFlow Source_Water(
T = 46.45 + 273.15,
h = 203.22e3,
p0 = 100.0e5,
use_T = true,
w0 = 21.5) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {-164, 0}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 0)));
ThermoPower.PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.HE Risers(
Cfnom_F = 0.01,
Cfnom_G = 0.01,
Kfnom_F = 0,
Kfnom_G = 0,
N_F = 2,
N_G = 2,
Tstartbar_G(displayUnit = "K") = 760.17,
dpnom_F = 100,
dpnom_G = 100,
exchSurface_F = 2.752,
exchSurface_G = 2.752,
extSurfaceTub = 5.504,
fluidNomFlowRate = 21.5,
fluidNomPressure = 1e+07,
fluidVol = 0.01376,
gasNomFlowRate = 169.755,
gasNomPressure = 101325,
gasVol = 0.01376,
lambda = 19,
metalVol = 0.01376,
pstart_F = 1e+07,
pstart_G = 101325,
rhomcm = 4.08e6,
rhonom_F(displayUnit = "kg/m3") = 997,
rhonom_G = 1) annotation(
Placement(visible = true, transformation(origin = {72, -72}, extent =
{{-10, -10}, {10, 10}}, rotation = 180)));
equation
connect(Valve_Opening, VaporValve.theta) annotation(
Line(points = {{90, 80}, {70, 80}, {70, 58}}, color = {0, 0, 127},
thickness = 0.75));
connect(Pipe2Drum_Wall.int, Pipe2Drum.wall) annotation(
Line(points = {{19, 6}, {19, -4.3}}, color = {255, 127, 0}, thickness =
0.75));
connect(Downcomer.wall, Downcomer_Wall.int) annotation(
Line(points = {{-59, -50}, {-51, -50}}, color = {255, 127, 0}, thickness =
0.75));
connect(Pipe2Valve_Wall.int, Pipe2Valve.wall) annotation(
Line(points = {{40, 63}, {40, 55}}, color = {255, 127, 0}, thickness =
0.75));
connect(Pipe2SH_Wall.int, Pipe2SH.wall) annotation(
Line(points = {{-20, 63}, {-20, 56}}, color = {255, 127, 0}, thickness =
0.75));
connect(Pipe2DrumFeed_Wall.int, Pipe2DrumFeed.wall) annotation(
Line(points = {{-96, 13}, {-96, 6}}, color = {255, 127, 0}, thickness =
0.75));
connect(HeaderUpper.outlet, Pipe2Drum.infl) annotation(
Line(points = {{72, -26}, {72, -9.5}, {30, -9.5}, {30, -9}}, color = {0,
0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Pipe2Drum.outfl, Drum.riser) annotation(
Line(points = {{8, -9}, {-33, -9}}, color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Drum.steam, Pipe2SH.infl) annotation(
Line(points = {{-37, 18}, {-36.82, 18}, {-36.82, 49.7}, {-30.82, 49.7}},
color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(SH.gasOut, Risers.gasIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{10, 40}, {10, 40}, {10, 20}, {92, 20}, {92, -72}, {82,
-72}, {82, -72}}, color = {159, 159, 223}, thickness = 0.75));
connect(Risers.gasOut, Economizer.gasIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{62, -72}, {-132, -72}, {-132, -10}, {-132, -10}}, color =
{159, 159, 223}, thickness = 0.75));
connect(HeaderUpper.inlet, Risers.waterOut) annotation(
Line(points = {{72, -46}, {72, -46}, {72, -62}, {72, -62}}, color = {0, 0,
255}, thickness = 1));
connect(PressureDrop.outlet, Risers.waterIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{48, -96}, {72, -96}, {72, -82}, {72, -82}, {72, -82}},
color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Economizer.gasOut, Sink_FlueGas.flange) annotation(
Line(points = {{-132, 10}, {-132, 10}, {-132, 34}, {-132, 34}}, color =
{159, 159, 223}, thickness = 0.75));
connect(Blowdown.flange, Drum.blowdown) annotation(
Line(points = {{-20, -32}, {-49, -32}, {-49, -18}}, color = {0, 0, 255},
thickness = 1));
connect(Source_Water.flange, Economizer.waterIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{-154, 0}, {-142, 0}, {-142, 0}, {-142, 0}}, color = {0, 0,
255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Economizer.waterOut, Pipe2DrumFeed.infl) annotation(
Line(points = {{-122, 0}, {-106, 0}, {-106, 0}, {-106, 0}}, color = {0, 0,
255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Pipe2DrumFeed.outfl, Drum.feedwater) annotation(
Line(points = {{-86, 0}, {-69, 0}}, color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Drum.downcomer, Downcomer.infl) annotation(
Line(points = {{-64, -12}, {-64, -12}, {-64, -40}, {-64, -40}}, color =
{0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Downcomer.outfl, HeaderLower.inlet) annotation(
Line(points = {{-64, -60}, {-64, -96}, {-40, -96}}, color = {0, 0, 255},
thickness = 1));
connect(Source_FlueGas.flange, SH.gasIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{10, 90}, {10, 90}, {10, 60}, {10, 60}, {10, 60}, {10,
60}}, color = {159, 159, 223}, thickness = 0.75));
connect(Pipe2SH.outfl, SH.waterIn) annotation(
Line(points = {{-10, 50}, {0, 50}, {0, 50}, {0, 50}, {0, 50}, {0, 50}},
color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(SH.waterOut, Pipe2Valve.infl) annotation(
Line(points = {{20, 50}, {30, 50}, {30, 50}, {30, 50}}, color = {0, 0,
255}, thickness = 1));
connect(VaporValve.outlet, Sink.flange) annotation(
Line(points = {{80, 50}, {90, 50}}, color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(Pipe2Valve.outfl, VaporValve.inlet) annotation(
Line(points = {{50, 50}, {60, 50}}, color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness = 1));
connect(HeaderLower.outlet, PressureDrop.inlet) annotation(
Line(points = {{-20, -96}, {28, -96}}, color = {0, 0, 255}, thickness =
1));
DrumPressure = Drum.p;
DrumLevel = Drum.y;
annotation(
uses(ThermoPower(version = "3.1"), Modelica(version = "3.2.3")));end
HRSG_WaterDrum_HXVersion;
解决方案
运行该模型（至少使用我拥有的 ThermoPower 版本）立即停止：
错误：在时间检测到以下错误：0 外部半径必须大于内部半径失败条件：SH.metalTube.rext > 0.01
原因是 ThermoPower.PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.HE 有：
Thermal.MetalTubeFV metalTube(
rint=fluidVol*4/exchSurface_F/2,
rext=(metalVol + fluidVol)*4/extSurfaceTub/2,
并且您设置为、和的extSurfaceTub两倍大。exchSurface_FSHEconomizerRisers
一般来说，我会说第一步是问你为什么要调试模型？
- 是不是初始化失败了？
- 它是否已初始化，但模拟在某个时间停止了？
- 它会运行，但会产生错误的结果吗？
- 据您所知，它是否运行并产生正确的结果，但速度太慢？
否则我不知道你为什么要调试。
调试任何模型的第一步是：
- 查看翻译过程中的警告
- 检查模型组件是否经过测试
- 检查它们是否以正确的方式和合适的参数连接在一起
纠正之前的错误会在初始化期间停止模型，但 Dymola 中有两种警告表明应该纠正的问题：
初始条件没有完全指定。Dymola 已选择默认初始条件。
假设连续状态的起始值固定：
Economizer.fluidFlow.htilde[] Economizer.gasFlow.Xtilde[] Risers.fluidFlow.htilde[] Risers.gasFlow.Xtilde[] SH.gasFlow.p(start = SH.gasFlow.pstart) SH.gasFlow.Xtilde[]
冲突的起始值
变量 Economizer.fluidFlow.htilde[1] 的起始值为 Pipe2DrumFeed.hstart[1] 已被选为默认初始条件。然而，起始值是从一组具有相同优先级的冲突起始值的别名变量中选择的。1407600.0，Pipe2DrumFeed.h[1] 的起始值作为 Pipe2DrumFeed.hstart[1] 给出。100000.0，Economizer.fluidFlow.htilde[1] 的起始值作为 Economizer.fluidFlow.hstart[2] 给出。
迭代变量 SH.fluidFlow.htilde[1] 已被选择为具有猜测值 Pipe2Valve.hstart[1]。然而，起始值是从一组具有相同优先级的冲突起始值的别名变量中选择的。2962100.0，Pipe2Valve.h[1] 的起始值作为 Pipe2Valve.hstart[1] 给出。100000.0，SH.fluidFlow.htilde[1] 的起始值为 SH.fluidFlow.hstart[2]。
迭代变量 HeaderUpper.p 已被选择为具有猜测值 HeaderUpper.pstart。然而，起始值是从一组具有相同优先级的冲突起始值的别名变量中选择的。10020000.0，作为 HeaderUpper.pstart 给出的 HeaderUpper.p 的起始值。10000000.0，Pipe2Drum.p 的起始值为 Pipe2Drum.pstart。
迭代变量 VaporValve.w 已被选择为具有猜测值 VaporValve.wnom。然而，起始值是从一组具有相同优先级的冲突起始值的别名变量中选择的。0.12，VaporValve.inlet.m_flow 的起始值作为 VaporValve.wnom 给出。-0.12，VaporValve.outlet.m_flow 的起始值为 -VaporValve.wnom。-0.06，Pipe2Valve.outfl.m_flow 的起始值为 -Pipe2Valve.wnom。
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