r - 如何修复“x[(i - z):(i + y)] 中的错误：只有 0 可能与负下标混合？

Question

我有这个数据集，其中包括一家公司在给定年份的所有销售额（公司代码 = gvkey，年份 = fyeqarq，销售额 = realsales）。在计算了销售额的年增长率 ( growth_rates_adjusted) 之后，我尝试计算这些增长率的波动性。该函数用于处理以前的数据集，但现在显示上述错误消息：

x[(i - 4):(i + 5)] 中的错误：只有 0 可能与负下标“混合”。

当前数据集与前一个数据集的唯一区别是它有更多的观察结果。

我已经看到其他线程建议在 中添加括号x[i - 4:i + 5]，但这并没有解决问题。

这是发生问题的代码段。如果需要，我很乐意提供更多信息。

volatility <- function(x){
  out <- rep(NA, length(x))
  for(i in (1+4):(length(x)-5)){
    out[i] <- sqrt((x[i] - mean(x[(i-4):(i+5)]))**2 /10)
  }
  return(out)
}

rs$volatility <- do.call("c", by(rs$growth_rate_adjusted, rs$gvkey, volatility))

数据样本：

structure(list(gvkey = c(1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 
1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 
1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 
1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 
1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1004L, 1009L, 
1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 
1009L, 1009L, 1009L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 
1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 
1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 1010L, 
1010L, 1010L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 
1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1011L, 1013L, 1013L, 
1013L, 1013L, 1013L, 1013L), fyearq = c(1978L, 1979L, 1980L, 
1981L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 
1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 2014L, 2015L, 2016L, 
2017L, 2018L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 
1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1978L, 1979L, 1980L, 
1981L, 1982L, 1983L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 
1995L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L), realsales = c(80.0787687494763, 
83.9880322921772, 72.041255647813, 90.2599788213429, 82.3597655295938, 
79.275697273582, 99.6691746379825, 98.6531307837496, 119.231183761451, 
130.671738596922, 152.401835452683, 177.004920650438, 182.331045530932, 
163.067223699202, 145.669513553658, 142.637840975044, 138.071087623594, 
1686.92046529749, 1944.33679952995, 2503.3850493653, 3430.96847893947, 
3399.78918423465, 2846.26399241784, 2106.69883444041, 1878.94931648818, 
1904.88753225045, 2111.0686482661, 2440.41820615184, 2821.72739990673, 
3568.88502043553, 3764.78124834279, 3431.75866279315, 4563.51718325686, 
5125.57023176176, 5364.4, 4324.89803940838, 3825.52083333333, 
3945.16600024812, 3652.23958087506, 3927.3539111424, 1291.78670435397, 
6.98252898777813, 8.38595031948278, 9.05059463817779, 9.0048500089815, 
7.90239455877713, 7.75665012953149, 13.1293381562225, 12.8158816415637, 
12.7200911507786, 13.9056813962124, 246.549622751016, 308.437038299807, 
214.374965214003, 500.237423535655, 649.926491449795, 635.909445745511, 
500.535949689884, 483.239029553041, 205.834769664682, 105.739312088838, 
82.683671636429, 91.7347403849525, 98.6318765979783, 139.826310815655, 
131.670619277222, 133.607292062286, 101.488303007798, 126.121590249565, 
138.43476531424, 1371.26398397061, 1626.47062842463, 1721.53939149708, 
1698.52423521911, 1545.76404347257, 1387.97100335562, 1199.52374984334, 
976.286828209051, 5855.71181123345, 2177.63623496108, 1.60587804282341, 
1.76472892510185, 1.87719762561912, 2.55263784794121, 2.08909646128974, 
1.23409178557655, 1.14123164970623, 1.16824714048294, 1.33027594980446, 
1.72123053551082, 1.59079093947271, 21.7875798026698, 56.9127173542448, 
30.4252240218178, 31.3298868354637, 31.1716546537136, 32.2110476766607, 
51.9341774935405, 61.2178911442429, 61.86586263717), growth_rate_adjusted = c(NA, 
0.0488177278915325, -0.142243797340123, 0.25289291545105, -0.0875273116049197, 
-0.037446297183831, 0.257247530652708, -0.0101941634203694, 0.208589963787459, 
0.0959527069559234, 0.166295306767067, 0.161435622639821, 0.0300902645018133, 
-0.105652999332261, -0.106690417306896, -0.0208119908185, -0.0320164222918163, 
11.217767632108, 0.152595418413553, 0.287526446020315, 0.370531664639181, 
-0.00908760744851222, -0.162811622080449, -0.259837161959523, 
-0.108107297649273, 0.0138046383341219, 0.108237947135951, 0.156010823312755, 
0.156247479548253, 0.264787314519994, 0.0548900361837266, -0.0884573534508115, 
0.329789659376153, 0.123162250942545, 0.046595745924674, -0.193777861567299, 
-0.11546565988949, 0.0312755235502229, -0.0742494534715727, 0.0753275693379953, 
-0.671079629292128, NA, 0.200990405361887, 0.0792568872189554, 
-0.00505432306108666, -0.122429074232749, -0.0184430716742389, 
0.692655713093963, -0.0238745099660853, -0.00747435825830534, 
0.0932061123918326, 16.7301360304552, 0.251014034652528, -0.304963611388244, 
NA, 0.299236044468932, -0.0215671247266992, -0.212881719183966, 
-0.0345567988624188, -0.57405185203053, -0.486290327620088, -0.218042277720125, 
0.109466217082404, 0.0751856514127895, 0.417658424827343, -0.0583273025717256, 
0.0147084656827421, -0.240398473456934, 0.242720456562112, 0.0976293990609434, 
8.90548855887399, 0.186110513684643, 0.0584509559601001, -0.0133689396778527, 
-0.0899370103640783, -0.102080935821528, -0.135771751035635, 
-0.186104628327237, 4.99794204124976, -0.628117587552114, NA, 
0.0989183973143732, 0.0637314314496069, 0.359813060225522, -0.181593086941546, 
-0.40927007993941, -0.0752457288474235, 0.0236722235872695, 0.138693948999988, 
0.293889839746277, -0.0757827573628338, 12.6960673222665, 1.61216334580085, 
-0.465405529093955, NA, -0.00505051877720075, 0.0333441722774686, 
0.61230947887394, 0.178759231372385, 0.0105846751793586)), row.names = c(NA, 
-100L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))
> 

标签： rdatabasefunction