首页 > 解决方案 > 获取本地化日期的毫秒数,考虑夏令时

问题描述

我在 Google BigQuery 中有如下所示的数据:


sample_date_time_UTC     time_zone       milliseconds_between_samples
--------                 ---------       ----------------------------
2019-03-31 01:06:03 UTC  Europe/Paris    60000
2019-03-31 01:16:03 UTC  Europe/Paris    60000
...

数据样本应定期进行,由milliseconds_between_samples字段的值指示:

time_zone一个字符串,表示 Google Cloud支持的时区值


然后,我正在检查任何一天范围内的实际样本数与预期数量的比率(对于给定的日期,表示为本地日期time_zone):

with data as 
  ( 
    select 
      -- convert sample_date_time_UTC to equivalent local datetime for the timezone
      DATETIME(sample_date_time_UTC,time_zone) as localised_sample_date_time, 
      milliseconds_between_samples 
    from  `mytable` 
    where sample_date_time between '2019-03-31 00:00:00.000000+01:00' and '2019-04-01 00:00:00.000000+02:00'
  ) 

select date(localised_sample_date_time) as localised_date, count(*)/(86400000/avg(milliseconds_between_samples)) as ratio_of_daily_sample_count_to_expected 
from data 
group by localised_date 
order by localised_date 

问题是这有一个错误,因为我已将一天中的预期毫秒数硬编码为86400000. 这是不正确的,因为当夏令时在指定的time_zone( Europe/Paris) 开始时,一天会缩短 1 小时。夏令时结束时,白天增加 1 小时。

所以,上面的查询是不正确的。它在时区查询今年 3 月 31 日的数据Europe/Paris(即在该时区开始夏令时)。那天的毫秒数应该是82800000.

在查询中,如何获得指定的正确毫秒数localised_date

更新:

我尝试这样做以查看它返回的内容:

select DATETIME_DIFF(DATETIME('2019-04-01 00:00:00.000000+02:00', 'Europe/Paris'), DATETIME('2019-03-31 00:00:00.000000+01:00', 'Europe/Paris'), MILLISECOND)

那没用 - 我明白了86400000

标签: datetimegoogle-bigquerydst

解决方案


感谢@Juta,关于使用 UTC 时间进行计算的提示。当我按本地化日期对每天的数据进行分组时,我发现我可以使用以下逻辑通过获取“本地化”日期的开始和结束日期时间(UTC)来计算每天的毫秒数:

-- get UTC start datetime for localised date
-- get UTC end datetime for localised date

-- this then gives the milliseconds for that localised date:
datetime_diff(utc_end_datetime, utc_start_datetime, MILLISECOND);

因此,我的完整查询变为:

with daily_sample_count as (
  with data as 
    ( 
      select 
        -- get the date in the local timezone, for sample_date_time_UTC
        DATE(sample_date_time_UTC,time_zone) as localised_date, 
        milliseconds_between_samples 
      from  `mytable` 
      where sample_date_time between '2019-03-31 00:00:00.000000+01:00' and '2019-04-01 00:00:00.000000+02:00'
    ) 

  select
    localised_date,
    count(*) as daily_record_count,
    avg(milliseconds_between_samples) as daily_avg_millis_between_samples,
    datetime(timestamp(localised_date, time_zone)) as utc_start_datetime,
    datetime(timestamp(date_add(localised_date, interval 1 day), time_zone)) as utc_end_datetime
  from data 
)

select
  localised_date,
  -- apply calculation for ratio_of_daily_sample_count_to_expected
  -- based on the actual vs expected number of samples for the day
  -- no. of milliseconds in the day changes, when transitioning in/out of daylight saving - so we calculate milliseconds in the day
  daily_record_count/(datetime_diff(utc_end_datetime, utc_start_datetime, MILLISECOND)/daily_avg_millis_between_samples) as ratio_of_daily_sample_count_to_expected
from
  daily_sample_count

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