django - 在 Travis 上运行 django 单元测试时如何解决“psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable：关系“auth_user”不存在”
问题描述
我将 Travis 用于 CI/CD 作为我的 Django 应用程序的一部分，并带有一个 postgresql 数据库。(Django 2.1.4)
测试运行后，构建始终在 Travis 上失败。我收到此错误：
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "auth_user" does not exist
我试过了：makemigrations, migrate auth, migrate myapp, migrate --run-syncdb. 所有这些都失败并出现相同的错误。
测试使用 sqlite3 数据库在本地运行，并使用 postgresql 数据库在类似 prod 的 heroku 环境中运行。
.travis.yml
...
before script:
-psql -c 'create database travis_ci_test;' -U postgres
services:
-postgresql
script:
-yes | python3 manage.py makemigrations
-python3 manage.py migrate auth
-python3 manage.py migrate --run-syncdb
-python3 manage.py tests test/unit_tests
设置.py
...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'travis_ci_test',
'USER': 'postgres',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': 'localhost',
}
}
...
INSTALLED_APPS = [...
'django.contrib.auth',
]
这是 Travis 构建失败的输出。'migrate auth' 成功（我认为这是 auth_user 的关键行Applying auth.0001_initial... OK：）
0.22s$ psql -c 'create database travis_ci_test;' -U postgres
CREATE DATABASE
1.50s$ yes | python3 manage.py makemigrations
TEST_ENV...
AWS_INTEGRATION...
Databases ... {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', 'NAME': 'travis_ci_test', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': '', 'HOST': 'localhost'}
Installed Apps ... ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'races.apps.RacesConfig', 'storages']
No changes detected
The command "yes | python3 manage.py makemigrations" exited with 0.
1.68s$ python3 manage.py migrate auth
TEST_ENV...
AWS_INTEGRATION...
Databases ... {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', 'NAME': 'travis_ci_test', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': '', 'HOST': 'localhost'}
Installed Apps ... ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'races.apps.RacesConfig', 'storages']
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: auth
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
The command "python3 manage.py migrate auth" exited with 0.
1.57s$ python3 manage.py migrate --run-syncdb
TEST_ENV...
AWS_INTEGRATION...
Databases ... {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', 'NAME': 'travis_ci_test', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': '', 'HOST': 'localhost'}
Installed Apps ... ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'myapp.apps.MyAppConfig', 'storages']
Operations to perform:
Synchronize unmigrated apps: messages, myapp, staticfiles, storages
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
Creating tables...
Creating table myapp_model1
Creating table myapp_model2
Creating table myapp_model3
Creating table myapp_model4
Creating table myapp_model5
Running deferred SQL...
Running migrations:
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
The command "python3 manage.py migrate --run-syncdb" exited with 0.
1.40s$ python3 manage.py test tests/unit_tests
TEST_ENV...
AWS_INTEGRATION...
Databases ... {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', 'NAME': 'travis_ci_test', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': '', 'HOST': 'localhost'}
Installed Apps ... ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app.apps.MyAppConfig', 'storages']
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "auth_user" does not exist
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 26, in run_from_argv
super().run_from_argv(argv)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 353, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 56, in handle
failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 604, in run_tests
old_config = self.setup_databases()
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 551, in setup_databases
self.parallel, **kwargs
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 174, in setup_databases
serialize=connection.settings_dict.get('TEST', {}).get('SERIALIZE', True),
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 68, in create_test_db
run_syncdb=True,
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 148, in call_command
return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 353, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 172, in handle
self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 310, in sync_apps
self.stdout.write(" Running deferred SQL...\n")
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 106, in __exit__
self.execute(sql)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 133, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/home/travis/virtualenv/python3.6.7/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "auth_user" does not exist
The command "python3 manage.py test tests/unit_tests" exited with 1.
解决方案
在为已安装的应用程序添加模型后，我遇到了同样的问题，但忘记创建初始迁移。OP在评论中隐藏了答案，所以这里有明确的步骤：
$ mkdir myapp/migrations
$ touch myapp/migrations/__init__.py
在此之后，我在尝试运行时遇到了一个新错误python manage.py test
psycopg2.errors.InvalidCursorName: cursor "_django_curs_140073820227328_58" does not exist
还需要一步：
$ python manage.py makemigrations
然后测试运行良好。
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