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sql - SQLSTATE [HY000]：一般错误：外键定义中有 1 个未知列“user_id”

问题描述

运行时出现此错误：

php artisan migrate:fresh

Illuminate\Database\QueryException：SQLSTATE[HY000]：一般错误：外键定义中有 1 个未知列“user_id”（SQL：创建表“users”（“id”整数不为空主键自动增量，“name”varchar 不为空， “email” varchar 不为 null，“username” varchar 不为 null，“email_verified_at” datetime null，“password” varchar 不为 null，“remember_token” varchar null，“created_at” datetime null，“updated_at” datetime null，外键（“user_id ") 在删除级联时引用 "users"("id")))

我正在关注 youtube 上的视频教程，教程的代码是这样的：

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateProfilesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->string('title')->nullable();
            $table->text('description')->nullable();
            $table->string('url')->nullable();
            $table->string('image')->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->index('user_id');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('profiles');
    }
}

如果我复制并粘贴此代码，则会出现错误。所以我在stackoverflow上搜索，我找到了这个解决方案：

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->string('title')->nullable();
            $table->text('description')->nullable();
            $table->string('url')->nullable();
            $table->string('image')->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->index('user_id');             
        });

        Schema::table('profiles', function (Blueprint $table){
            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::disableForeignKeyConstraints();
        Schema::dropIfExists('profiles');
    }

这是我的用户表：

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('username')->unique();
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::disableForeignKeyConstraints();
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }

但是今天，当我跑步时，php artisan migrate:fresh我又遇到了这个错误。

我该如何解决？

谢谢

标签： sqldatabaselaravellaravel-artisan

解决方案

正如其他人所提到的，user_id不是表中的列users，但您正在尝试在其上创建索引。这一行：

$table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');

属于profiles表创建模式，而不是users表创建模式。

完整代码：

// create_users_table.php
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->bigIncrements('id');
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->string('username')->unique();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password');
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

// create_profiles_table.php   <-- migrate AFTER users table
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->bigIncrements('id');
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->string('title')->nullable();
        $table->text('description')->nullable();
        $table->string('url')->nullable();
        $table->string('image')->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();

        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
    });
}

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