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bash - 在 grep 之后将文本添加到每行的开头

问题描述

我正在尝试使用此 bash 脚本提取 github 中所有存储库的名称并构建一个脚本文件来克隆所有存储库：

for i in {1..10}
do
curl -u USERNAME:PASS -s https://api.github.com/user/repos?page=$i | grep -oP '"clone_url": "\K(.*)"' > output$i.txt
done

这是我的脚本在单行中输出每个 repo 名称，但我需要在每行的开头插入git clone所以我写了这个（添加 | xargs -L1 git clone），它不起作用：

for i in {1..10}
do
curl -u USERNAME:PASS -s https://api.github.com/user/repos?page=$i | grep -oP '"clone_url": "\K(.*)"' | xargs -L1 git clone > output$i.txt
done

标签： bashshellgrepgithub-api

解决方案

使用jq始终是解析 JSON 数据的最佳选择：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

for i in {1..10}
do
  curl \
    --user USERNAME:PASS \
    --silent \
    "https://api.github.com/user/repos?page=${i}" \
  | jq \
    --raw-output '.[] | "git clone \(.clone_url)"' \
    > "output${i}.txt"
done

或者要处理任意数量的页面，您可以通过提供选项来告诉jq它返回非空返回码。$?--exit-status

然后，如果 JSON 选择器没有返回任何结果（当返回的 GitHub API 的结果页面为空时会发生魔法），jq则可以测试返回代码以继续或终止 while 循环：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

typeset -i page=1 # GitHub API paging starts at page 1

while clone_cmds="$(
  curl \
    --user USERNAME:PASS \
    --silent \
    "https://api.github.com/user/repos?page=${page}" \
    | jq \
      --exit-status \
      --raw-output \
      '.[] | "git clone \(.clone_url)"'
)"; do
  # The queried page result length is > 0
  # Output to the paged file
  # and increase page number
  echo >"output$((page++)).txt" "${clone_cmds}"
done

如果您希望与上述相同，但将所有存储库放在一个文件中。

以下示例功能 GitHub API 处理页面，而不是依赖额外的空请求来标记页面的结尾。

它现在还可以处理多达 100 个条目的页面，并在支持的情况下协商压缩传输流。

这是您的存储库克隆列表的特色版本：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Set either one to authenticate with the GitHub API.
# GitHub 'Oauth2 token':
OAUTH_TOKEN=''
# GitHub 'username:password':
USER_PASS=''

# The GitHub API Base URL:
typeset -r GITHUB_API='https://api.github.com'

# The array of Curl options to authenticate with GitHub:
typeset -a curl_auth

# Populates the authentication options from what is available.
if [[ -n ${OAUTH_TOKEN} ]]; then
  curl_auth=(--header "Authorization: token ${OAUTH_TOKEN}")
elif [[ -n ${USER_PASS} ]]; then
  curl_auth=(--user "${USER_PASS}")
else
  # These $"string" are bash --dump-po-strings ready.
  printf >&2 $"GitHub API need an authentication with either set variable:"$'\n'
  printf >&2 "OAUTH_TOKEN='%s'\\n" $"GitHub API's Oauth2 token"
  printf >&2 $"or"" USER_PASS='%s:%s'.\\n" $"username" $"password"
  printf >&2 $"See: %s"$'\n' 'https://developer.github.com/v3/#authentication'
  exit 1
fi

# Query the GitHub API for user repositories.
# The default results count per page is 30.
# It can be raised up to 100, to limit the number
# of requests needed to retrieve all the results.
# Response headers contains a Link: <url>; rel="next" as
# long as there is a next page.
# See: https://developer.github.com/v3/#pagination

# Compose the API URL for the first page.
next_page_url="${GITHUB_API}/user/repos?per_page=100&page=1"

# While there is a next page URL to query...
while [[ -n ${next_page_url} ]]; do

  # Send the API request with curl, and get back a complete
  # http_response witch --include response headers, and
  # if supported, handle a --compressed data stream,
  # keeping stderr &2 --silent.
  http_response="$(
    curl \
      --silent \
      --include \
      --compressed \
      "${curl_auth[@]}" \
      "${next_page_url}"
  )"

  # Get the next page URL from the Link: header.
  # Reaching the last page, causes the next_page_url
  # variable to be empty.
  next_page_url="$(
    sed \
      --silent \
      '/^[[:space:]]*$/,$d;s/Link:.*<\(.*\)>;[[:space:]]*rel="next".*$/\1/p' \
      <<<"${http_response}"
  )"

  # Get the http_body part from the http_response.
  http_body="$(sed '1,/^[[:space:]]*$/d' <<<"${http_response}")"

  # Query the http_body JSON content with jq.
  jq --raw-output '.[] | "git clone \(.clone_url)"' <<<"${http_body}"

done >"output.txt" # Redirect the whole while loop output to the file.

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