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python - 如何将我的 PyGame 游戏拆分为单独的文件？

问题描述

我正在为一群超级聪明的年轻爱好者教授每两周一次的编码课程。我们已经介绍了 OOP 并使用 OOP 创建了一个基于文本的冒险。

现在我打算教 PyGame 并继续使用对象，我想知道是否可以以这样一种方式构建游戏，即每个对象的代码都在一个单独的文件中？这将非常简洁且易于构建。

那么对于下面的代码，我尝试为每个对象制作单独的文件。这只是部分成功，因为绘图方法从来没有很好地工作，我相信我不能有单独的文件引用同一个 pygame 屏幕的问题。

import pygame
import random
import time

# Define some colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0,0,255)

SCREEN_WIDTH = 700
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500
pygame.init()

class Paddle:
    '''Class to keep players location'''
    def __init__(self,x=350, y=480, width =70,height=20):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.change_x = 0
        self.change_y = 0
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.score = 0

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.change_x
        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])

    def check_collision(self,ball):
        if ball.y>460:
            if abs(35+ self.x - ball.x) < 30:
                self.score += 1
                ball.draw(BLUE)
                ball.y = 0
                ball.x = random.randint(0,650)
                ball.change_y = random.randint(2,3+int(self.score/5))

class Ball:
    """Class to keep track of a ball's location and vector."""
    def __init__(self,x=350,y=250,size=25):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.change_x = 0
        self.change_y = 0
        self.size = size

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.change_x
        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self,colour = WHITE):
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)


# Set the height and width of the screen
size = [SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Balls")
done = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
screen.fill(BLACK)
ball = Ball()
player = Paddle()
ball.change_y = 2
ball.draw()

while not done:
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    # --- Event Processing
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                pass
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                player.change_x = -5
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                player.change_x = 5
        else:
            ball.change_x = 0
            player.change_x = 0

    if ball.y > 500:
        print('YOUR SCORE: ',player.score)
        time.sleep(2)
        pygame.quit()
    #move ball and player and check if they collide
    ball.move()
    player.move()
    player.check_collision(ball)
    #draw ball and player
    ball.draw()
    player.draw()

    #render frame
    clock.tick(60)
    pygame.display.flip()

# Print score and exit
print('YOUR SCORE: ',player.score)
pygame.quit()

当我有单独的文件时，这是我遇到的与屏幕相关的错误

line 20, in draw
   pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)
NameError: name 'screen' is not defined

标签： pythonpygamefile-management

解决方案

为类的方法添加一个surface参数，并在传递给该方法的表面上绘制对象：draw()PaddleBall

class Paddle:
    # [...]

    def draw(self, surface):
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])

class Ball:
    # [...]

    def draw(self, surface, colour = WHITE):
        pygame.draw.circle(surface, colour, [self.x, self.y], self.size)

pygame.Surface现在您可以在任何您想要的对象上绘制对象，例如screen：

ball.draw(screen)
player.draw(screen)

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