java - 使用自己的 fxml 和控制器在不同场景之间切换
问题描述
我正在尝试在javafx 12中编写 GUI 。基本上我想要一个主舞台父级,它有自己的 fxml 和只有一个菜单栏的控制器,我想用根据用户选择动态选择的不同场景来填充菜单栏下的空间。不同的场景也有自己的 fxml 和控制器。如何仅更改主舞台场景的一部分?
需要明确的是:如果可以避免的话,我不想做的是将具有相同功能的完全相同的菜单栏放在 2 个不同的场景中。这是我到目前为止写的代码:
class MainStage {
private String mainstagefxml ="/soluzione/MainStage.fxml";
public MainStage() {
}
public void display(int view, boolean opt) throws IOException {
Stage mainstage = new Stage();
MainStageController cntrl = new MainStageController(view, opt);
mainstage.setOnShowing(new EventHandler<WindowEvent>() {
@Override
public void handle(WindowEvent wev) {
ChooseWindow chooser = new ChooseWindow();
try {
chooser.display(mainstage);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
loader.setController(cntrl);
loader.setLocation(getClass().getResource(mainstagefxml));
mainstage.setTitle("Emotional Maps");
mainstage.setScene(loader.load());
mainstage.show();
}
}
public class MainStageController implements Initializable{
private String basicfxml = "/soluzione/basicView.fxml";
private String debugfxml = "/soluzione/debugView.fxml";
private int viewType;
private boolean opt;
public MainStageController(int viewType, boolean opt) {
this.viewType = viewType;
this.opt = opt;
}
@Override
public void initialize(URL arg0, ResourceBundle arg1) {
*In here code to set view according to viewType value passed*
}
public int getViewType() {
return viewType;
}
public void setViewType(int viewType) {
this.viewType = viewType;
}
public boolean isOpt() {
return opt;
}
public void setOpt(boolean opt) {
this.opt = opt;
}
}
主舞台 fxml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Menu?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.MenuBar?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane?>
<AnchorPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/11.0.1" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
<children>
<MenuBar layoutY="2.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0">
<menus>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="File">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Close" />
</items>
</Menu>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Edit">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="Delete" />
</items>
</Menu>
<Menu mnemonicParsing="false" text="Help">
<items>
<MenuItem mnemonicParsing="false" text="About" />
</items>
</Menu>
</menus>
</MenuBar>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
更新:根据建议,我将方法 insertPane 添加到我的 MainController 中,代码如下:
public class MainStageController implements Initializable{
private String basicfxml = "/soluzione/basicView.fxml";
private String debugfxml = "/soluzione/debugView.fxml";
private int viewType;
private boolean opt;
@FXML AnchorPane anchorPane;
public MainStageController(int viewType, boolean opt) {
this.viewType = viewType;
this.opt = opt;
}
@Override
public void initialize(URL arg0, ResourceBundle arg1) {
if (viewType == 1) {
insertPane(basicfxml, anchorPane, new BasicController(), null);
} else if (viewType == 2) {
insertPane(debugfxml, anchorPane, new DebugController(), null);
}
}
public int getViewType() {
return viewType;
}
public void setViewType(int viewType) {
this.viewType = viewType;
}
public boolean isOpt() {
return opt;
}
public void setOpt(boolean opt) {
this.opt = opt;
}
private void insertPane(String fxmlFileName, AnchorPane parent, Initializable controller, String cssFileName) {
try {
URL fxmlUrl = getClass().getResource(fxmlFileName);
FXMLLoader fxmlLoader = new FXMLLoader(fxmlUrl);
fxmlLoader.setController(controller);
Parent pane = fxmlLoader.load();
if (cssFileName != null) {
pane.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource(cssFileName).toExternalForm());
}
parent.getChildren().add(pane);
AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pane, 0d);
}
catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
现在,当我尝试运行应用程序时,会出现几个错误:
javafx.fxml.LoadException: Controller value already specified.
/C:/Users/Giuly/eclipse-workspace/EmotionalMaps/bin/soluzione/basicView.fxml:7
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.constructLoadException(FXMLLoader.java:2621)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ValueElement.processAttribute(FXMLLoader.java:922)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$InstanceDeclarationElement.processAttribute(FXMLLoader.java:980)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$Element.processStartElement(FXMLLoader.java:227)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ValueElement.processStartElement(FXMLLoader.java:752)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.processStartElement(FXMLLoader.java:2722)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2552)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2466)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.load(FXMLLoader.java:2435)
at soluzione.MainStageController.insertPane(MainStageController.java:60)
at soluzione.MainStageController.initialize(MainStageController.java:32)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2573)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(FXMLLoader.java:2466)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.load(FXMLLoader.java:2435)
at soluzione.MainStage.display(MainStage.java:39)
at soluzione.WelcomeController.confirm_selection(WelcomeController.java:55)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at com.sun.javafx.reflect.Trampoline.invoke(MethodUtil.java:76)
at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor2.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.reflect.MethodUtil.invoke(MethodUtil.java:273)
at javafx.fxml/com.sun.javafx.fxml.MethodHelper.invoke(MethodHelper.java:83)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$MethodHandler.invoke(FXMLLoader.java:1782)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerMethodEventHandler.handle(FXMLLoader.java:1670)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:86)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:49)
at javafx.base/javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Node.fireEvent(Node.java:8890)
at javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control.Button.fire(Button.java:203)
at javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.ButtonBehavior.mouseReleased(ButtonBehavior.java:206)
at javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control.inputmap.InputMap.handle(InputMap.java:274)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler$NormalEventHandlerRecord.handleBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:218)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:80)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:54)
at javafx.base/javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene$MouseHandler.process(Scene.java:3862)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene.processMouseEvent(Scene.java:1849)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene$ScenePeerListener.mouseEvent(Scene.java:2590)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:409)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:299)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:389)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.lambda$handleMouseEvent$2(GlassViewEventHandler.java:447)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.runWithoutRenderLock(QuantumToolkit.java:411)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.handleMouseEvent(GlassViewEventHandler.java:446)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.View.handleMouseEvent(View.java:556)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.View.notifyMouse(View.java:942)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$runLoop$3(WinApplication.java:174)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:835)
Exception in thread "JavaFX Application Thread" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$MethodHandler.invoke(FXMLLoader.java:1787)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerMethodEventHandler.handle(FXMLLoader.java:1670)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:86)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:49)
at javafx.base/javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Node.fireEvent(Node.java:8890)
at javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control.Button.fire(Button.java:203)
at javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.ButtonBehavior.mouseReleased(ButtonBehavior.java:206)
at javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control.inputmap.InputMap.handle(InputMap.java:274)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler$NormalEventHandlerRecord.handleBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:218)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:80)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:54)
at javafx.base/javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene$MouseHandler.process(Scene.java:3862)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene.processMouseEvent(Scene.java:1849)
at javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.Scene$ScenePeerListener.mouseEvent(Scene.java:2590)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:409)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$MouseEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:299)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:389)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.lambda$handleMouseEvent$2(GlassViewEventHandler.java:447)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.runWithoutRenderLock(QuantumToolkit.java:411)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.handleMouseEvent(GlassViewEventHandler.java:446)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.View.handleMouseEvent(View.java:556)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.View.notifyMouse(View.java:942)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$runLoop$3(WinApplication.java:174)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:835)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at com.sun.javafx.reflect.Trampoline.invoke(MethodUtil.java:76)
at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor2.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.reflect.MethodUtil.invoke(MethodUtil.java:273)
at javafx.fxml/com.sun.javafx.fxml.MethodHelper.invoke(MethodHelper.java:83)
at javafx.fxml/javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$MethodHandler.invoke(FXMLLoader.java:1782)
... 46 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: class javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane cannot be cast to class javafx.scene.Scene (javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane and javafx.scene.Scene are in module javafx.graphics of loader 'app')
at soluzione.MainStage.display(MainStage.java:39)
at soluzione.WelcomeController.confirm_selection(WelcomeController.java:55)
... 57 more
MainStage.java 的第 39 行是:
mainstage.setScene(loader.load());
我的猜测是我添加的方法中的这行代码引发了异常:
parent.getChildren().add(pane);
但老实说,我不确定
更新 2:问题已解决!
通过这个简单的修复修复了第 39 行引起的问题:
Scene mainscene = new Scene(loader.load());
mainstage.setScene(mainscene);
mainstage.show();
一切正常,谢谢大家!
解决方案
您可以在主舞台中添加一个场景,如果需要,可以移除舞台并放入另一个舞台。您可以使用这样的方法:
private void insertPane(String fxmlFileName, AnchorPane parent, Initializable controller, String cssFileName) {
try {
URL fxmlUrl = getClass().getResource(fxmlFileName);
FXMLLoader fxmlLoader = new FXMLLoader(fxmlUrl);
fxmlLoader.setController(controller);
Parent pane = fxmlLoader.load();
if (cssFileName != null) {
pane.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource(cssFileName).toExternalForm());
}
parent.getChildren().add(pane);
AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pane, 0d);
AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pane, 0d);
}
catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
这个方法(在你的主阶段的控制器类中)将加载一个 fxml 文件,它是控制器和可选的 css 文件,并将它放在parent
AnchorPane 中。
因此,您应该在可以添加AnchorPane
场景的主舞台上添加一个。在添加新场景之前,您应该使用 AnchorPane 上的方法从 AnchorPane 中删除最后一个getChildren().clear()
场景parent
。
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