linux-kernel - 嵌入式 linux 构建/引导问题
问题描述
我正在尝试为双核 ARM Cortex A9 设备交叉编译 Linux。启动时，我在 UART 上得到了以下打印结果，显示 Core-1 启动时出现了一些同步问题。我记得我在编译内核时启用了多编程。建造过程的哪一部分在这里一定出了问题？
- zImage 构建或
- 生成根文件系统？
UART打印：
U-Boot SPL 2013.01.01 (Sep 13 2019 - 01:35:54)
BOARD : Altera SOCFPGA Cyclone V Board
CLOCK: EOSC1 clock 25000 KHz
CLOCK: EOSC2 clock 25000 KHz
CLOCK: F2S_SDR_REF clock 0 KHz
CLOCK: F2S_PER_REF clock 0 KHz
CLOCK: MPU clock 800 MHz
CLOCK: DDR clock 400 MHz
CLOCK: UART clock 100000 KHz
CLOCK: MMC clock 50000 KHz
CLOCK: QSPI clock 3125 KHz
RESET: COLD
INFO : Watchdog enabled
SDRAM: Initializing MMR registers
SDRAM: Calibrating PHY
SEQ.C: Preparing to start memory calibration
SEQ.C: CALIBRATION PASSED
SDRAM: 1024 MiB
ALTERA DWMMC: 0
reading u-boot.img
reading u-boot.img
U-Boot 2013.01.01-00140-g0c9a3bdf3c (Sep 13 2019 - 01:28:34)
CPU : Altera SOCFPGA Platform
BOARD : Altera SOCFPGA Cyclone V Board
I2C: ready
DRAM: 1 GiB
MMC: ALTERA DWMMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Skipped ethaddr assignment due to invalid EMAC address in EEPROM
Net: mii0
Warning: failed to set MAC address
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
reading u-boot.scr
589 bytes read in 5 ms (114.3 KiB/s)
## Executing script at 02000000
-- Programming FPGA --
reading soc_system.rbf
7007204 bytes read in 361 ms (18.5 MiB/s)
## Starting application at 0x3FF785A4 ...
## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
-- Setting Env Variables --
reading zImage
4389688 bytes read in 246 ms (17 MiB/s)
reading soc_system.dtb
24091 bytes read in 9 ms (2.6 MiB/s)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 00000100
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x00000100
Loading Device Tree to 03ff7000, end 03fffe1a ... OK
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.9.0-ge4c2b71c147d (gurmeet@gurmeet-VirtualBox) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170510 (Linaro GCC 7.1-2017.05) ) #1 SMP Sat Sep 14 10:50:07 IST 2019
[ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt:Machine model: Terasic DE10 NANO
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x3f000000
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @ef7ca000 s26892 r8192 d22260 u57344
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260608
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait
[ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Memory: 1012076K/1048576K available (7168K kernel code, 464K rwdata, 1436K rodata, 1024K init, 173K bss, 20116K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved, 245760K highmem)
[ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
[ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB)
[ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xf0800000 - 0xff800000 ( 240 MB)
[ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xf0000000 ( 768 MB)
[ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB)
[ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB)
[ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0800000 (8160 kB)
[ 0.000000] .init : 0xc0a00000 - 0xc0b00000 (1024 kB)
[ 0.000000] .data : 0xc0b00000 - 0xc0b742b4 ( 465 kB)
[ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc0b742b4 - 0xc0b9f80c ( 174 kB)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32.
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16
[ 0.000000] L2C-310 erratum 769419 enabled
[ 0.000000] L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
[ 0.000000] L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
[ 0.000000] L2C-310 dynamic clock gating enabled, standby mode enabled
[ 0.000000] L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 512 kB
[ 0.000000] L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410030c9, AUX_CTRL 0x46060001
[ 0.000000] clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604467 ns
[ 0.000007] sched_clock: 32 bits at 100MHz, resolution 10ns, wraps every 21474836475ns
[ 0.000019] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 10ns
[ 0.000248] GIC: PPI13 is secure or misconfigured
[ 0.000285] GIC: PPI13 is secure or misconfigured
[ 0.000481] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[ 0.000506] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 200.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=1000000)
[ 0.000521] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.000625] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 0.000637] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 0.001356] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[ 0.001386] ftrace: allocating 23073 entries in 68 pages
[ 0.042460] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
[ 0.042709] Setting up static identity map for 0x100000 - 0x100058
[ 0.044448] GIC: PPI13 is secure or misconfigured
[ 0.044460] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001
[ 0.044549] Brought up 2 CPUs
[ 0.044568] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (400.00 BogoMIPS).
[ 0.044575] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
[ 0.045480] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.051307] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4
[ 0.051529] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.053213] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.055578] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[ 0.056834] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.
[ 0.056846] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.
[ 0.115503] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.115792] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.116038] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.116099] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.116166] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.116328] sopc@0:usbphy@0 supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator
[ 0.117339] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.117351] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.117377] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.117557] FPGA manager framework
[ 0.118986] clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer
[ 0.151378] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.151919] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.151999] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[ 0.152126] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 0.152208] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.152255] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.152425] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.152936] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 0.152947] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 0.152954] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 0.152961] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 0.153628] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 7 counters available
[ 0.154456] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.155247] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 0.164377] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 0.164411] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 0.164419] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 0.164435] Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
[ 0.165053] ntfs: driver 2.1.32 [Flags: R/W].
[ 0.165373] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[ 0.166615] bounce: pool size: 64 pages
[ 0.166628] io scheduler noop registered (default)
[ 0.174406] dma-pl330 ffe01000.dma: Loaded driver for PL330 DMAC-341330
[ 0.174424] dma-pl330 ffe01000.dma: DBUFF-512x8bytes Num_Chans-8 Num_Peri-32 Num_Events-8
[ 0.178453] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.179707] console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 0.179744] ffc02000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xffc02000 (irq = 24, base_baud = 6250000) is a 16550A
[ 0.766263] console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.771581] brd: module loaded
[ 0.774834] altera_ilc ff230000.ilc: Failed to register interrupt handler
[ 0.781634] altera_ilc ff230000.ilc: Failed to register interrupt handler
[ 0.788418] altera_ilc ff230000.ilc: Driver successfully loaded
[ 0.796364] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 0.801310] CAN device driver interface
[ 0.805522] socfpga-dwmac ff702000.ethernet: snps,phy-addr property is deprecated
[ 0.813151] stmmac - user ID: 0x10, Synopsys ID: 0x37
[ 0.818182] Ring mode enabled
[ 0.821237] DMA HW capability register supported[ 0.825749] Enhanced/Alternate descriptors
[ 0.829922] Enabled extended descriptors
[ 0.833913] RX Checksum Offload Engine supported
[ 0.838596] COE Type 2
[ 0.841040] TX Checksum insertion supported
[ 0.845290] Enable RX Mitigation via HW Watchdog Timer
[ 0.856614] libphy: stmmac: probed
[ 0.860049] eth0: PHY ID 00221622 at 1 IRQ POLL (stmmac-0:01) active
[ 0.866923] ffb40000.usb supply vusb_d not found, using dummy regulator
[ 0.873577] ffb40000.usb supply vusb_a not found, using dummy regulator
[ 0.880327] dwc2 ffb40000.usb: EPs: 16, dedicated fifos, 8064 entries in SPRAM
[ 0.887867] dwc2 ffb40000.usb: DWC OTG Controller
[ 0.892600] dwc2 ffb40000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[ 0.899660] dwc2 ffb40000.usb: irq
[ 0.989000] mmc_host mmc0: Bus speed (slot 0) = 50000000Hz (slot req 400000Hz, actual 396825HZ div = 63)
[ 1.019146] dw_mmc ff704000.flash: 1 slots initialized
[ 1.024610] OF: /sopc@0/leds/fpga0: could not get #gpio-cells for /sopc@0/bridge@0xc0000000/leds@0x100000000
[ 1.034522] leds-gpio: probe of sopc@0:leds failed with error -22
[ 1.040771] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[ 1.046944] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 1.052514] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 1.056592] fpga_manager fpga0: Altera SOCFPGA FPGA Manager registered
[ 1.063805] altera_hps2fpga_bridge sopc@0:fpgabridge@0: fpga bridge [hps2fpga] registered
[ 1.072200] altera_hps2fpga_bridge sopc@0:fpgabridge@1: fpga bridge [lwhps2fpga] registered
[ 1.080687] altera_hps2fpga_bridge sopc@0:fpgabridge@2: fpga bridge [fpga2hps] registered
[ 1.089235] altera_fpga2sdram_bridge sopc@0:fpgabridge@3: fpga bridge [fpga2sdram] registered
[ 1.097728] altera_fpga2sdram_bridge sopc@0:fpgabridge@3: driver initialized with handoff 000001ff
[ 1.107005] oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
[ 1.111851] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 1.117061] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 1.123642] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 1.128087] NET: Registered protocol family 15
[ 1.132545] can: controller area network core (rev 20120528 abi 9)
[ 1.138755] NET: Registered protocol family 29
[ 1.143200] can: raw protocol (rev 20120528)
[ 1.147454] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20161123 t)
[ 1.153104] can: netlink gateway (rev 20130117) max_hops=1
[ 1.158791] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
[ 1.163021] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 1.167350] ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
[ 1.171622] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
[ 1.179767] hctosys: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
[ 1.184823] of_cfs_init
[ 1.187332] of_cfs_init: OK
[ 1.190841] ttyS0 - failed to request DMA
[ 1.194993] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[ 1.238212] mmc0: Problem switching card into high-speed mode!
[ 1.244050] mmc_host mmc0: Bus speed (slot 0) = 50000000Hz (slot req 25000000Hz, actual 25000000HZ div = 1)
[ 1.253817] mmc0: new SDHC card at address 0001
[ 1.258775] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 ASTC 7.45 GiB
[ 1.265186] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3
[ 1.320560] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
[ 1.350985] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 1.359101] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2.
[ 1.366797] devtmpfs: error mounting -2
[ 1.373057] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K (c0a00000 - c0b00000)
[ 1.379834] Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.
[ 1.392908] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.9.0-ge4c2b71c147d #1
[ 1.399924] Hardware name: Altera SOCFPGA
[ 1.403946] [<c0112004>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010cc88>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)
[ 1.411671] [<c010cc88>] (show_stack) from [<c04255b8>] (dump_stack+0x90/0xa4)
[ 1.418874] [<c04255b8>] (dump_stack) from [<c01e9978>] (panic+0xec/0x258)
[ 1.425738] [<c01e9978>] (panic) from [<c0739004>] (kernel_init+0x10c/0x11c)
[ 1.432769] [<c0739004>] (kernel_init) from [<c0108478>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x3c)
[ 1.440309] CPU1: stopping
[ 1.443013] CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 4.9.0-ge4c2b71c147d #1
[ 1.450029] Hardware name: Altera SOCFPGA
[ 1.454033] [<c0112004>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010cc88>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)
[ 1.461749] [<c010cc88>] (show_stack) from [<c04255b8>] (dump_stack+0x90/0xa4)
[ 1.468947] [<c04255b8>] (dump_stack) from [<c0110604>] (handle_IPI+0x2e0/0x2fc)
[ 1.476316] [<c0110604>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101544>] (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 1.483857] [<c0101544>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010d84c>] (__irq_svc+0x6c/0x90)
[ 1.491305] Exception stack(0xef11bf58 to 0xef11bfa0)
[ 1.496335] bf40: 00000000 000004c6
[ 1.504479] bf60: ef7da370 c011bca0 ffffe000 00000002 c0b0302c c0b0307c c0b13c83 00000001
[ 1.512622] bf80: c08c86ec ef11bfb4 ef11bfb8 ef11bfa8 c0108f44 c0108f48 60000013 ffffffff
[ 1.520771] [<c010d84c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c0108f48>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x48/0x4c)
[ 1.528142] [<c0108f48>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c073dd44>] (default_idle_call+0x30/0x3c)
[ 1.536205] [<c073dd44>] (default_idle_call) from [<c0164760>] (cpu_startup_entry+0xe8/0x148)
[ 1.544699] [<c0164760>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c01100a8>] (secondary_start_kernel+0x15c/0x164)
[ 1.553708] [<c01100a8>] (secondary_start_kernel) from [<0010194c>] (0x10194c)
[ 1.560906] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.
解决方案
挂载 SD 卡的 ext4 分区时出错。使用正确的配置重建内核和构建根解决了这个问题。（启用对大型 (2TB+) 块设备和文件的支持）。
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